108 HOW TO FEED YOUR HOGS 



soluble B" conditions. Prof. McCollum, of Wisconsin, says in re- 

 gard to water soluble B : * ' It is universally present in foodstuffs 

 of vegetable and animal origin." Hence, generally speaking, we 

 need not worry much about its absence from pig rations, although 

 under some certain conditions it may not be present. 



Antiscorbutic Substances Seemingly Necessary. There is an- 

 other class of materials known as Antiscarbutic Substances which 

 are apparently essential in the diet or ration if complete adequacy 

 is to be approached. Oranges, limes, grape fruit, milk, meat meal 

 tankage, alfalfa, clover and other food materials carry these sub- 

 stances. Orange juice is given to babies that are on a boiled and 

 raw milk diet because empirically it has been found of much 

 advantage. Recently Dr. Hess of New York has shown that a prop- 

 erly prepared juice solution of oranges could be injected into the 

 veins of a baby and cure scurvy a constitutional condition which 

 results when these Antiscorbutics are absent. We have seen the 

 disease scurvy in guinea pigs receiving an oats ration. A little 

 milk would not cure it but much would if the disease was not too 

 far advanced. Cabbage was a fine preventive hence presumably 

 rape pasture is splendid inasmuch as it is a near relative of cab- 

 bage. English sailors are sometimes called "Limies" because of 

 lime fruit being given to them in their rations as a preventive 

 of scurvy. When finally these Antiscorbutics are traced down to 

 their real basal makeup we may find a single substance doing the 

 work rather than a number, two or more, of the now designated 

 "Antiscorbutic Substances." 



Energy Builders. Sufficient net-energy materials must be 

 provided. These will furnish the energy materials for growth, for 

 general development, for movement, and yet supply an excess for 

 conversion into fat and other generel tissues. In this respect, of 

 course, it is best to supply feeds that have a a large amount of that 

 energy per pound of feed consumed, because it takes fewer pounds 

 of higher energy feed to do the same business, and inasmuch as the 

 alimentary capacity of pigs (as compared to cattle) is somewhat 

 limited by natural inheritance, the more concentrated the feeds, 

 other things being equal, the more likely they are to grow fast and 

 fatten quickly. Timothy hay, even though properly balanced with 

 milk, is a poor feed for pigs, because it is too coarse and fibrous ; in 

 other words, too woody. It is not concentrated enough ; there is too 

 much fibre relatively in it. On the other hand, corn or wheat are 

 very efficient because they supply many more heat units or energy 

 per pound weight than coarser materials, such as rough bran, 

 corncobs, and other such feeds. Some feeds contain so much fibre 

 and are so bulky, that an animal expends more on the gathering, 

 chewing, swallowing, digesting and assimilating than he gets out of 

 them. For instance, from peanut shells or certain kinds of wood 

 ground up, an animal extracts nourishment by eating these, but it 

 cost so much to get the nourishment out that he is the loser rather 

 than the gainer. Why rob Peter to pay Paul if it's all in the 

 family? 



