: : ~ OF THE TUltKlSH MONARCHY. 1^ 



Greece have been frequently destroyed by earth([uakes. * Athens 

 and other cities on the coasts of NatoHa and Greece suppHed Con- 

 stantine, and succeeding Emperors, with materials to enrich and adorn 

 the capital. 



7. " It is a consequence of the depopulated and neglected state of 

 " Greece, Asia, and Syria, that there is no considerable district 

 " which is not exposed in some degree to the effects of a bad and 

 " corrupted atmosphere. The putrid miasma, arising in the summer 

 " and autumn from bogs and marshes and irrigated grounds, is 

 " attended in the north of Europe with simple agues or intermittent 

 " fevers ; but the Mal-aria is the scoiu'ge of the south of Europe ; 

 " there the intermittents are of the worst description, and so violent 

 " and obstinate, mixed perhaps with typhus fevers, as to be fre- 

 " quently mortal. The spots in Greece where the mal-aria is most 

 " noxious are salt-works and rice grounds ; and we meet with a 

 " striking example of the influence of the former at Milo, where 

 " since the beginning of the last century, when the island was 

 " visited by Tournefort, four-fifths of the population have been lost 

 " in consequence of the establishment of a small salt-work. Patree, 

 " a place celebrated in the time of Cicero for the salubrity of the air, 

 " has become unhealthy, because the plain around it is subject to 

 " irrigation. In Attica, a country once distinguished for the purity 

 " of its air f and climate, the effects of the disorder are felt at Ma- 

 " rathon ; and the streams of the Cephissus, which are wholly con- 

 " sumed in irrigation, diffuse it through the plain of Athens." 

 (Mr. Hawkins.) In the most flourishing periods of ancient Greece, 

 we find the people of particular districts suffering from fevers |, and 



* Quoties Asise, quoties Achaiae urbes uno tremore ceciderunt ! Quot oppida in Mace- 

 donia devorata sunt ! Sen. Epis. xci. 



f See the passages of Euripides and Aristides quoted by Casaub. in Athen. p. 405. 



% " The people of Onchestus in Bceotia," says Dicnearchus, " though placed on a 

 " high spot were subject to fevers ;" the miasma arising from the marshy plains on the 

 borders of the Copais may have affected, Mr. Hawkins supposes, the health of tlie inha- 

 bitants. The ^ite of Sparta was insalubrious, partly from the swamps in the vicinity 



