142 ATTICA. 



cantari, at 20 piastres the cantaro. It is worked into sacks, and bags, 

 and carpets, of which a considerable quantity is exported. 



When the wool of the sheep is exported, a duty of 4i per cent, on 

 the value is paid by the Rayah, but by a Frank only 3 per- cent. The 

 sheep's milk is mixed with that of the goats, and used for cheese or 

 butter ; a small quantity of the latter is made principally in the 

 month of April or May. The cows are kept chiefly for breeding. A 

 good sheep will yield from an oke and a half to two okes of wool : 

 the price of one is three piastres ; that of a lamb 60 paras. The wool 

 is made into capots, bags, and carpets, by the Albanese. The iJ/Jpa* 

 or itch, to which the sheep are subject, is cured by taking the refuse 

 of oil ; this is warmed and rubbed on the animal ; tar or Katrami is 

 then applied. The sheep are particularly fond of the herbs called 

 (2fdu[2a, and after the grapes are gathered, the flocks are driven into 

 the vineyards to crop the leaves, but no injury is supposed to be done 

 to the vines. 



Five shepherds are sufficient for a thousand sheep ; the pay of the 

 shepherd is 40 piasters, with board and sandals. The flocks are large ; 

 some contain 1000 sheep. Where the flock is numerous, they do 

 not mix the sheep with the goats. During the months of January, 

 February, and March, the sheep are kept in the Mandria, and driven 

 out only during the day to feed. The severity of the winter some- 

 times proves destructive to the flocks. The shepherds and the dogs 

 are in general a sufficient protection against the wolves. The dogs of 

 the Hegoumenos of Pendeli are remarkably fierce; they are about 60: 

 40 of them keep his flock, consisting of 6000 goats and sheep ; the 

 remaining 20 accompany the horses and oxen. 



To make the cheese, they turn the milk with the rennet, or -f Peetya, 



* Among the cures of the vl/w'pa (scabies), in the Geoponica, we find mention made of 

 an ointment of oil and sulphur, p. 457. The wool is shorn off from the part affected, 

 TO TrEWoy^Oi. 



f This is the ancient word, TrijTua, coagulum, ea pars viscerum qua ad densandum lac 

 utimur. Nizolius. The best rennet according to the Geoponica, lib. xviii. p. 459. is 

 from the goat: but Columella mentions that of the iamb. Lac plerumque cogitur agni 

 aut hasdi coagulo, .quamvis possit et agrestis cardui flore conduci. 267- I quote the latter 

 part of the passage, because it illustrates a remark in Shaw, p. 168. " Instead of rennet, 



