386 .11:' EGYPT, rvo- 



the blue carbonates and arseniates of copper. The greens of copper 

 were well known to the Greeks. Ivory black, according to Pliny, 

 was invented by Apelles. The Kwccfzafi; of Dioscor. lib. v. c. 109. 

 called by the Romans minium, was said to have been discovered by 

 Callias an Athenian, and was prepared by washing ore of quick- 

 silvei'. * 



But a more curious part of the subject still remains to be noticed. 

 There is reason to believe that the word ypa'cpa was applied by the 

 Greeks to express a work combining sculpture and painting. 



The following passage occurs in Pliny, lib. xxxv. c. 8. Fuisse Pan^- 

 num fratrem ejus, qui et clypeum intus pinxit Elide Minervae : 

 " Panasnus, the brother of Phidias, painted the interior of the buckler 

 of Minerva at Elis." Instead of expecting to find that the concave 

 part of the shield was painted, we should have supposed, says Heyne, 

 that mention would have been made of some work in bas-relief; and 

 this we may observe from Pliny, lib. xxxvi. c. 5. was the case in the 

 shield of the statue of Minerva in the Paithenon ; scidi concava piO'Vie 

 deorum et gigantum dimicationem ccelavit. Heyne supposes, there- 

 fore, that Pliny in the first passage, or the author from whom he 

 borrowed his information, wrongly understood the meaning of the 

 word £Vp*4^^ which was employed to signify work in bas-relief 

 J The opinion of such a scholar as Heyne j- is well entitled to our 

 attention ; but as he has given no instances of this peculiar use of the 

 word y^ac/pa; I shall add some passages which will establish the truth 

 of his conjecture. 



1. The following words occur in iElian, lib. vi. c. 11. ut^oXo-yu rr.v 

 -Trpa'l*!' Tov rsXcovog TO yfx/xi/.a, the meaning of which, according to 

 Cuper, may be, statua factum Gelonis ob ocidos ponit; he adds y^x^av 

 et y^dfjiua. non de sola pictura sumitur, sed etiam de aliis effingendi 

 modis. Observ. Var. p. 39. 



* See the remarks of Sir H. Davy in Tilloch's Philosoph. Mag. May, June, 1815, on 

 the colours used in painting by the ancients. 



f Mr. Hawkins first pointed out to me the observation of Heyne 



