80 TELEOSTEI : ISOSPONDYLI. — XIII. 



red patches in males; young (parr ; smolt) with dark cross-bars 

 and red spots. Head 4; depth 4. B. 11. 1). 11. A. 9. Scales 

 2.'!-r_ >i -21 ; vert. GO; pyl. caeca 65; usual weight 15 pounds, but 

 often much larger. X. Atlantic, S. to N. Y. and France, ascend- 

 ing all suitable rivers; often (var. sebago Girard), land-locked in 

 lakes. One of the best known and most valued of food-fish. Vari- 

 able. (An old name, from salio, to leap.) (Eu.) 



83. SALVELINUS (Xilsson) Richardson. Charrs. (An old 



name, allied to the German, Salbling.) 



(The species of this group are in general smaller, finer, hand- 

 somer, and more wary than the Salmon, and they inhabit in general 

 colder waters. Besides the native species, attempts have been 

 made to introduce the following : Salvelinus alpinus L., the Euro- 

 pean chair, S'albling, or Ombre Chevalier, a species very close to 

 S. oquassa and S. malma (YYalbaum), the "Dolly Yarden Trout," 

 or " Bull Trout " of the Rocky Mountain slope ; very close to S. 

 fontinalis, the back as well as the sides, with red spots). 



a. Hyoid bone (base of tongue) with a band of strong teeth (besides the 

 usual teeth around edge of tongue); head of the vomer with a raised 

 crt'^r, which projects backward, free from and parallel with the shaft; 

 this crest with teeth; lake trout, very large, spotted with gray. (Crisli- 

 vom.tr Gill & Jordan.) 



191. S. namaycush (Walbaum). Great Lake Trout. 

 Mackinaw Trout. Salmon Trout (of the Lakes, not of 

 England, nor of Oregon, nor of the Gulf of St. Lawrence). 

 Longe. Togue. Head very long; mouth very large, the maxil- 

 lary reaching much beyond eye, 2 in head ; teeth very strong ; 

 C. well forked. Dark gray, varying in shade ; everywhere with 

 round pale spots; head above, and D. and C. reticulate with 

 darker; eye large. Head 41; depth 4. B. 12. D. 11. A. 11. 

 Lat. 1. 185 to 205. L. 3 feet or more. Great Lake region, and 

 lakes from New Brunswick to Montana, British Columbia and 

 Alaska, abundant, variable. A food-fish of high value. In Lake 

 Superior Is found var. siskawitz Agassiz, the Siscowet, similar, but 

 less elongate and inordinately fat. (Indian name.) 



aa. Hyoid bone with a very few feeble teeth or with none; vomer with teeth 

 on its head only and without posterior crest; red-spotted species. (Sal- 

 velinus.) 

 b. Hyoid teeth none; head large, 4 to 4£ in length; red spots of body on 

 sides only. 



192. S. fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook Tkout. 1 Speckled 

 Trout. Head large, the snout bluntish; mouth large, the maxil- 



i "This is the last generation of trout fishers. The children will not be able to find 

 any. Already there are well trodden paths by every stream in Maine, in New York, 

 and in Michigan. I know of but one river in North America by the side of which you 



