84 TELEOSTEI: HAPLOMI. — XIV. 



upper jaw formed by premaxillaries ; teeth various; gill membranes 

 somewhat connected, free from isthmus; B. 4 to 6; D. single, 

 inserted posteriorly, rarely preceded by a spine; C. not forked; 

 stomach siphonal, without pyloric casca; sexes unlike ; some spe- 

 ci( - (ivoviviparous. Genera 30; species 140; in fresh and brackish 

 waters of all warm regions. Most of them are small in size, and 

 some species of Heterandria are perhaps the smallest of fishes. The 

 species here mentioned are carnivorous, surface swimmers; many 

 southern species feed on mud and slime. 



a. Intestinal canal short, but little convoluted; dentary bones firmly united; 



teeth fixed; carnivorous species. 



b. Oviparous species, the anal fin of the male not modified into an intromit- 



tent organ. (Cyprinodontiiue.) 



c. Teeth in a single series, incisor-like, notched; dorsal of 10 or 11 rays, 



the first ray small ; gill openings restricted above ; body stout and 



deep Cyprixodox, 88. 



cc. Teeth pointed; ventrals present; air-bladder present, 

 e. Teeth in more than one series. 

 f. Dorsal rather large, well forward; Its rays usually 11 to 18, the 



first above or in front of A Fuxdulus, 89. 



ff. Dorsal small and posteriorly placed, its rays 7 to 10; the first 

 generally behind front of the small anal; size small. 



Zygoxectes, 90. 

 ee. Teeth in one series; D. inserted before A.; D. and A. short, of 9 



to 13 rays Lucaxia, 91. 



bb. Ovoviviparous species, the anal fin of the male advanced aud modified 

 into a sword-shaped intromittent organ. (Anablepince.) 



<j. Eye normal, not divided by crosswise partition ; jaws short ; 

 fins small; D. inserted behind A. . . . Gambusia, 92. 



88. CYPRINODON Lacepede. (wnpivos, carp; 68aiv, tooth.) 



200. C. variegatus Lacepede. Body short, deep, compressed ; 

 humeral scale 4 times size of others ; £ steel-blue, more or less 

 copper-red below ; C with black bar at base and tip ; 9 oliva- 

 ceous, sides silvery, with irregular dark cross-streaks; a dark spot 

 on D. behind. Head 3; depth in adult about 2. D. 10. A. 10. 

 Scales 25-12. L. 2 to 4 inches, southern specimens being larger 

 and more brightly colored. Cape Cod to Texas, in brackish 

 waters. 



89. FUNDULUS Lacepede. (Lat., fundus, bottom; they 



often bury in the mud.) 



a. Scales comparatively large, about 36 in a lengthwise series, 13 in a cross- 

 series. 

 b. Branchiostegals 0; cf with dark cross-bars and a black dorsal spot; $ 

 with longitudinal black bands. 



201. F. majalis (Walbaum). Killifish. May-fish. Head 

 long, with long snout; D. moderate; A. very high in <J ; eye mod- 

 erate; $ olivaceous, brassy on sides; with about 12 bars of color 



