SYNGNATHID.E. — XLIII. 95 



d. Ventrals chiefly black, inserted midway between eye and base C. 



230. E. vinciguerrae Jordan & Meek. P. dusky, uniform or 

 with a small white cross stripe ; D. and A. without black. Head 

 A\ ; depth Q\. Scales 48. L. 12. Atlantic, X. to Grand Banks. 

 (Eu.) (To Dr. Decio Vinciguerra, of Rome.) 



dd. Ventrals nearly white; inserted midway between opercle and tail. 



231. E. volitans L. P. dark brown, with an oblique whitish 

 band from axil to middle of fin ; D. and A. without black. Head 

 4^; depth 6^. D. 12. A. 11. Scales 55. L. 12. Atlantic, X. 

 to Grand Banks, frequent. (Eu.) (Lat., flying.) 



aa. Anal short, its base half to two-thirds that of dorsal, its first ray behind 



first of D.; anal rays 9 or 10; dorsal 12 to 14. (Cypseltcrus Swainson.) 



c. Second ray of pectoral divided (first simple); 3d and 4th longest; 



V. midway between eye and tail; P. without round black spots; 



young with barbels. 



f. D. and A. plain whitish; V. pale. 



232. E. heterurus Rafinesque. P. with an oblique white band 

 on lower half. Head 4| ; depth 5|. Scales 58. L. 12. Atlantic, 

 the commonest species on our coasts. (Eu.) (trepos, unequal ; 

 ovpd, tail.) 



ff. D. and A. blotched or spotted with black; V. chiefly black. 



233. E. furcatus Le Sueur. P. black, with a white band ; C. 

 with 3 dusky cross-bars. Head A\ ; depth b\. Scales 46. L. 12. 

 Warm seas, X. to Cape Cod. (Eu.) (Lat., forked.) 



ee. Second ray of P. simple, like the first; V. chiefly black. 



234. E. gibbifrons Cuv. & Val. Snout more bluntly rounded 

 than in any other species, A\ in head : V. midway between eye 

 and C. ; P. dusky, paler at base ; vertical fins plain, rather dusky. 

 Head 4 ; depth b\. Scales 46. L. 12. X. Atlantic, rare. (Lat., 

 gibbus, swollen; frons, front.) 



Order XVII. LOPHOBRANCHII. (The Tuft-gilled 



Fishes.) 



Gills contracted, tufted, composed of small rounded lobes, at- 

 tached to the gill-arches; pharyngeal bones reduced in number; 

 mouth very small, toothless, at the end of a tubular snout ; post- 

 temporal grown fast to skull ; anterior vertebrae modified, with ex- 

 panded apophyses; gill covers reduced to a simple plate ; skin with 

 bony plates arranged in rings ; fins small. Two families, the E. 

 Indian Solenostomatidce have spinous dorsal and ventral fins ; ours 

 lack both. (Ad(por, tuft ; fipay\ia, gills.) 



Family XLIII. SYNGNATHIDuE. (The Pipe-fishes.) 



Body elongate, covered with bony rings ; gill openings reduced 

 to a small aperture behind upper part of opercle ; no spinous dor- 



