142 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTEEI. — XX. 



aa. Vertebra* typically 10 -f- 14 ; second anal soine well developed. (Sci- 



mnincB.) 

 x. Lower pharyngeals separate. 

 y. Lower jaw without barbels. 

 c. Teeth well developed, permanent in both jaws; lower pharyngeals 

 narrow, with sharp teeth. 

 d. Gill rakers slender, rather long; mouth oblique; A. inserted rather 

 posteriorly; preorbital narrow; slits and pores of upper jaw little 

 developed; preopercle serrate, its lowest spine enlarged, turned 

 downward; head not very broad, not spongy above. 



Baikdiella, 174. 



dd. Gill rakers rather short and thick; anal further forward; snout 



with large pores, and 2 to 4 slits on its edge; preorbital broad; 



mouth inferior Sci.ena, 175. 



cc. Teeth very small, subequal, those in lower jaw lost with age; lower 

 pharyngeals broad, with paved teeth; gill rakers short, but slender, 



otherwise as in Sciwna Leiostomus, 176. 



yy. Lower jaw with one or more barbels (otherwise essentially as in Sci- 

 wna). 

 c. Lower jaw with several slender barbels at its rami; preopercle 



serrate Micropogon, 177. 



ee. Lower jaw with one thickish barbel at its tip; no air-bladder; 

 anal spine single; bod}' long and low; preopercle crenulate. 



Menticirbhus, 178. 

 xx. Lower pharyngeals very large, completely united, with coarse paved teeth ; 

 snout, etc., as in Scicena. 



f. Lower jaw with numerous barbels along the rami; preopercle 



nearly entire Pogonias, 179. 



ff. Lower jaw without barbels; preopercle obscurely serrate. 



Aplodinotus, 180. 



173. CYNOSCION Gill, fjeww, dog ; axiaiva, scicena.) 



a. Soft dorsal and anal closely scaled. 



b. Back and sides nearly uniform silvery, without spots. 



387. C. nothus (Holbrook). White Weak-fish. Body rather 

 deep ; snout short, bluntish; eye very large, 4 iu head. Head 3£ ; 

 depth 3f. D. X- 1, 28. A. II, 9. " Scales 6-60-7. L. 12. Va. 

 to Fla. (Lat., spurious.) 



bb. Back and sides with irregular dark spots in undulating streaks. 



388. C. regalis (Bloch & Schneider). Weak-fish. Sque- 

 TEAGUE. Silvery, brownish above, and with bright reflections ; fins 

 without distinct spots ; snout sharp ; eye moderate, 5 to 7 in head. 

 Head 3£; depth A\. D. X-l, 29. A. I, 13. Lat. 1. 80. L. 2\ 

 feet. Cape Cod to Fla., an abundant and most excellent food-fish. 

 aa. Soft dorsal scaleless; back and upper fins with many conspicuous round 



black spots. 



389. C. nebulosus (Cuv. & Val.). Spotted Weak-fish. Sil- 

 very, back bluish. Head 3£; depth 5. D. X-l, 25. A. I, 10. 



