146 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTEEI. — XX. 



182. CTENOLABRUS Cuv. & Val. (m.'j, comb ; Labrus.) 

 a. Interopercle naked; snout not very sharp. ( Tautogolabrus Giinther.) 



400. C. adspersus (Walbaum). Cuxxek. Chogset. Ber- - 

 gall. Blue Perch. Brownish blue, with brassy shades ; young 

 with a black dorsal spot. Head 3£; depth 3. D. XVIII, 10. 

 A. Ill, 9. Lat. 1. 45. L. 10. Newfoundland to Va., common N. 

 about rocks. (Lat., speckled.) 



183. HIATULA Lacepede. (Old name; hio, to gape.) 

 401 H. onitis (L.). Tautog. Oyster-fish. Black-fish. 



Blackish : young greenish, irregularly barred. Head 3^ ; depth 3. 

 D. XVI, 10. A. Ill, 8. Lat. 1. 60. L. 16. Maine to S. C, a 

 common food-fish. (Meaning unknown.) 



Epelasmia. The rest of the Pharyngognathi are beyond our 

 limits, as are also the great bulk of the next group, or suborder, the 

 Squamipemies, or Epelasmia (Cope). Of these only a single species 

 comes X. of Va. In this group the post-temporal is simple, and the 

 upper pharyngeals reduced to thin laminae. The group includes 

 the Ch&todontidce, Acanthuridai, Teuthididae, and the small 



Family LXXI. EPHIPPID^E. (The Angel-fishes.) 



Body compressed and elevated ; scales ctenoid densely covering 

 the body and the soft parts of the vertical fins ; lateral line present. 

 Mouth small, terminal, with bands of setiform (tooth-brush-like) 

 teeth ; premaxillary protractile ; maxillary simple, partly slipping 

 under preorbital ; gill membranes broadly attached to the isthmus ; 

 gill rakers very short; pseudobranehiae present. Dorsal deeply 

 notched, with 8 to 1 1 spines, the soft part very high, as is also the 

 soft anal ; A. spines 3 or 4 ; C. subtruncate ; P. short ; V. normal. 

 Air-bladder large. Genera 6 ; species about 15, in the warm seas. 

 (((Pittttos; on horseback, from the long dorsal spine.) 



a. Anal spines 3; dorsal spines 8 or 9, the third elevated; profile very steep; 

 scales small Ch.etodipterus, 184. 



184. CHiETODIPTERTJS Lacepede. (xo/tooW, Chajtodon ; 

 fit'p, two; nTf pde. fin.) 



402. C faber (Broussonet). Angel-fish. Spade-fish. Gray- 

 ish, the young with 4 to 7 black cross-bands ; soft vertical fins, be- 

 coming falcate with age. Head 3; depth 1\. D. VIII- 1, 20. 

 A. Ill, 18. Lat. 1. 60. L. 24. Warm seas, N. to N. Y. ; a 

 good food-fish. (An old name, meaning blacksmith.) 



Cataphracti. We next pass to the group of Cataphracti or 

 Cottoid fishes, an assemblage of families, characterized as a whole 

 by the development of a " suborbital stay," a bony process extend- 

 ing from the suborbital ring backward across the cheeks to or to- 

 wards the preopercle. In the extreme forms (Agonidae, etc.), the 



