^ ; 



y> 



268 aves: pici. — xliv. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (crcpdpa, hammer; Picus.) 



848. S. varius (L.). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Black 

 and whitish above; black on breast; rump mixed black and white; 

 belly more or less yellowish; sides streaked with dusky; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult $ and 

 usually 9 also; chin scarlet, throat black in g ; both white in 9j 

 young dull brownish. L. 81. W. 4|. T. 3|. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCEUS Cabanis. {Hylatomus x Baird.) 

 («'&>, to split ; cpXoios, bark.) 

 , 849. C. pileatus (L.). Logcock. Black; white streak down 

 Y 1 ^ neck : crest and cheek patch scarlet in £ ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in ?. L. 18. W. % T. 7. N. Am.; in heavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now becoming rare. (Lat., capped.) 



446. MELANERPES Swainson. (/xeXns, black ; epTrtjs, creeper.) 



a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy Hue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Melanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Red-headed Woodpecker. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black : belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of bodv glossy 

 blue-black.' L. 91. W. 5£. T. Sf E. U. S., rare in N. E., very 

 abundant W. (tpvdpos, red; KecpnXrj, head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. {Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). Red-bellied Woodpecker. Gray- 

 •C^ ish, much barred above Avith black and white; belly pale ash), more 



or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in £, ashy in 9- 

 L. 9f . W. 5. T. 3£. E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (KoKcnrrrjs, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). Yellow-Hammer. Flicker. Goldex- 

 „ -^ winged Woodpecker. High-Holer. Head ashy, with red 



nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; g with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. \2\. W. G. T. 41 E. N. Am., abundant. 



853. C. cafer (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Quills with 

 yr^ orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches in £ red instead 



1 The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 

 earlier Hylotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning," and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 Hylatomus, Eremophila, Lagochila, Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hyloloma, Eremophilus, Lagochcilus, 

 Lucanus, Icterus, Cestrceus, and Heterodon. 



