595 



that we may also step by step descend, by substituting again hy- 

 drogen for the radicals in succession. 



To take as an illustration the monammonium-salts of the ethyl- 

 series which as yet I have chiefly examined : 



Ascent. 

 H 3 N+ (C 2 H 5 )Br = [(C, H,) H 3 N] Br 



Ammonia. Bromide of ethyl. Bromide of Ethylammoriium. 

 (C, H 5 ) H 2 N + (C 2 H 5 ) Br =, [(C, H 5 ) 2 H 2 N] Br 



Ethylamine. 



(C 2 H 5 ) 2 HN + 



Diethylamine. 



Triethylamine. 



Bromide of Diethylainmonium. 

 (C 2 H 5 )Br = [(C 2 H 5 ) HN]Br 



Bromide of Triethylammonium. 

 (C 3 H 5 )Br = [(C.B,X N]Br 



Bromide of Tetrethylammonium. 



Note. H = l; C = 



[(C 2 H 5 ) 4 N]C1 



Descent, 

 = (C 2 H 5 )C1 



+ (C 2 H 5 ) a 



N 



Chloride of Tetrethylammonium. Chloride of Ethyl. 



[(C 2 H 5 ) 3 H N]C1 = 



Chloride of Triethylammonium. 



[(C 2 H 5 ) 2 H 2 N]C1 = 



Chloride of Diethylammonium. 



[(C.H.) H 3 N]C1 = 



Chloride of Ethylammonium. 



(C 2 H 5 )C1 + 



(C 2 H 5 )C1 + 



(0,H B )C1 + 



Triethylamine. 



(C,H,),H N 



Diethylamine. 



(C 2 H 6 )H 2 N 



x ____^f 



Ethylamine. 



^N 



Ammonia. 



The above reactions, interesting when regarded from a scientific 

 point of view, admit of but limited application in practice. The 

 purity of the result is disturbed by several circumstances, which 

 it is difficult to exclude. Unless the temperature be sufficiently 

 high, a small portion of the ammonium-salt submitted to distillation 

 sublimes without change ; again, a portion of the same salt is repro- 

 duced in the neck of the retort and in the receiver*, from the very 

 constituents into which it splits ; lastly, if the temperature be too 

 high, the chloride of ethyl is apt to be decomposed into ethylene 



* This inconvenience may be partly obviated by distilling into an acid. 



