104 HALIFAX AVATER WORKS. JOHNSTON. 



Mass., for the crossing of the Charles River, one of the three 

 kinds of joints used was described as follows: Three turned 

 grooves were made in the bell instead of the single one so as to 

 hold the lead more securely, and the spigot was smoothly 

 turned with a straight taper to a standard pattern so as to be 

 interchangeable. After inserting one of these tapering spigots 

 in the bell of the pipe and running the joint with lead the 

 spigot could be withdrawn, and when again inserted would 

 make a tight joint. This is practically one pattern of a turned 

 and bored joint. In the pattern used in Halifax a lip or rim is 

 cast on the spigot end of the pipe, varying in length from 2J 

 inches in a 27-inch, to If inches long on a 6-inch pipe, tapering 

 about 1-24 of aa inch in its length. A finished lip or rim is cast 

 in the hub, the pipes are then centered in a lathe and the rim 

 on the spigot end is turned and the rim on the hub end is bored 

 by the same movement of the lathe. Care is taken that the 

 pattern is made to give a full size casting so that when planed 

 down the ends fit accurately. The total depth of the hub varies 

 in the different sizes from 4 to 5 inches. 



In laying, the pipe is lowered into the trench with the joint 

 smeared with oxide paint, and placed in position on, the block- 

 ing, entering the faucet of the last laid pipe. The 'next pipe is 

 then lowered and held in its slings while the men in the trench 

 swing it backwards and forwards and thus ram the last laid pipe 

 tightly home in its place. A block of hard-wood between the 

 pipes are lowered with a derrick. Should there be any slight 

 diameter are held in slings by four men on the bank; larger 

 pipes are lowered with a derrick. Should there be any slight 

 weepage the joint soon rusts tight. In the fifteen years' 

 experience with this form of joint there have only been 

 two discovered leaks through them, one ia the 27-inch 

 main near Young Street, and one in the 6-inch main in Young 

 Avenue. In the latter case the pipe was laid in the sewer trench. 

 As the back fill'iig of the latter settled, the blocking of the pipe 

 was disturbed : nd the pipe settled and drew one joint. In the 



