HALIFAX WATER WORKS. JOHNSTON. 115 



for the entire population (assuming it to be 41,000) of 224 

 gallons per capita per day. From exhaustive investigations 

 undertaken by the Metropolitan Water Board of Massachusetts, 

 the conclusion arrived at was that a liberal supply for domestic 

 purposes is 25 gallons per day, for manufacturing, mechanical 

 and trade use 23.5 gallons, and for public use 7 gallons, 

 making a total of 55.5 gallons per capita per day. Taking 

 these figures as being applicable to Halifax, the consumption 

 should be 2,275,000 gallons per day, which means that 

 6,907,680 gallons per day are being wasted. The average 

 daily consumption through 144 meters an dwelling houses of 

 various values in the city amounts to 105 gallons for each ser- 

 vice pipe. Allowing five persons to a family, this would give 

 21 gallons per capita per day, which agrees practically with the 

 amount stated above as being a fair and liberal allowance for 

 domestic use. Another proof that the figures of the daily con- 

 sumption are under estimated, is the fact that during the past 

 year 011 the low service supply over 1,000 million gallons of 

 storage was used up during 155 days which would equal 6,500,- 

 000 gallons per day. 



If 60 gallons per capita per day be assumed as a fair allow- 

 ance, it follows that at least 170 gallons per capita per day 

 brought into the city is wasted either through leaks in the mains 

 or water pipes and fittings in private premises. There is no 

 doubt considerable leakage from the mains, particularly on the 

 low service where so many of them are laid with wood joints; 

 and a number of them are laid through or near old drains and 

 sewers, so that the leaks do not show at the surface but the 

 water runs off through drains. In Milton, a small town in 

 Massachusetts, where all the services are metered and where the 

 total quantity of water supplied is measured, and there are 35 

 miles of pipe laid, the leakage from the mains amounts to about 

 3,600 gallons per day per mile of pipe. In Fall Eiver it 

 amounts to 10,000 gallons per day per mile of pipe, although 

 in their case they have only 96 per cent, of their services 



