BY MEANS OF CATALYSTS. CREIGHTON. 9 



of the bromine content. The results obtained are given in the 

 following table: 



(1 acid 1 acid in acid 



Preparations : A B A B 



MeltingPoint: 11 1,5 111,0 111,0 110,5 122 



[a]* : + 77,78+ 78,00 - 77,80 - 77,79 0,00 



97 ' 41 % 96 ' 62 % 97 ' 36 % 96 > 89 % 96 >"% 



Amlvsis by 



Bromine : 97,56% 96,90% 96,94% 97,42% 96.97% 

 Estimation 



Bases: Quinine and quinidine were obtained from C. F. 

 Kahlbaum, and were identified by their melting points. Before 

 being used they were dried at 110 120 l . 



APPARATUS. 



In order to determine the velocity of decomposition of the 

 bromcamphor-carboxylic acids in solution, both with and without 

 catalysts, the progress of the reaction with time was followed 

 by weighing the amount of carbon dioxide that was liberated 

 from the acid. The apparatus for this consisted essentially of 

 a small glass flask, with a capacity of about 30 ccm., which was 

 connected to two sets of soda-lime tubes by means of a three 

 way tap. The small reaction flask was closed with a ground 

 glass stopper through which passed two tubes, the one going 

 within 2 mm. of the bottom of the flask ; attached to the second 

 tube was a small cooler through which tap water flowed. 

 During the reaction the small reaction flask was immersed in 

 a thermostat, the temperature of which was kept constant within 

 0.05. The liberated C(X was carried off by a stream of 

 nitrogen which bubbled through the solution. The complete 

 apparatus is shown in fig. 1. The nitrogen was contained in 

 the gas-holder G and in the bomb B, from either of which it 

 passed to the purifying apparatus through the three-way tap 

 T,. The gas was freed from traces of oxygen by means of 

 alkaline sodium hydrosulphite in the wash bottles W\ and W 2 ; 

 then washed with potassium hydroxide solution in the wash 



1. Lenz, W.: Zeit. f. anal. Chemie, 87, 551, (1888). 



