'164 .MASTODON REMAINS IN NOVA SCOTIA. - PIERS. 



soon afterwards in Asia. From Asia they migrated to Xorth 

 America, and are there first met with in the Deep River and 

 Loup Fork (Upper Miocene) beds of the central states. In 

 the next ascending series, that of the Pliocene epoch, we find 

 them still existing in Europe, Asia and North America (where 

 they are rather common), and they then here found their way 

 into South America. Finally in the Pleistocene epoch they 

 are persisting and common in North America and have spread 

 in South America, while they have disappeared from Asia and 

 Europe, being there survived, as well as in Africa, by the 

 existing genus Elephas. Some remains in the United States 

 are said to have been found in association with stone imple- 

 ments, which if so, w r ould indicate that there at least they must 

 have survived till after the advent of man. 



and Range. 



Name and synonyms. The species to w T hich the Nova 

 Scotian remains are referred, is the AMERICAN MASTODOX, 

 Mastodon americanus (Cuvier), which is considered to be 

 synonymous with M. ohioticus (Blumenbach) and M. giyanteus, 

 Cuvier. As only a couple of members of a skeleton (a thigh- 

 bone and a molar tooth) are known from Nova Scotia, their 

 reference to this species must for the present be considered as 

 probably, but not positively, correct. 



Range of the species. Remains of the species occur in 

 various parts of North America as far south as Texas. They 

 are more or less common in alluvial deposits such as occur on 

 a small tributary of the Osage river, Burton county, Missouri, 

 and in a peat deposit at "Big-bone-lick," Kentucky; also in 

 Orange county, and near Cohoes falls on the Mahowk and else- 

 where in the lower Hudson valley counties, New York; and 

 likewise in Indiana, New Jersey, Ohio, and numerous other 

 places. In Canada they have been reported from Ontario, 

 Manitoba, the Yukon, and Nova Scotia. 



