1865.] into and out of the Vascular and Non-vascular Textures. 409 



and the dry residue extracted with absolute alcohol, alcoholic extract 

 evaporated, and dry residue tested. The two lenses gave extremely feeble 

 traces of lithium. One-eighth of an ounce of urine and bile gave traces of 

 lithium. Ninety grains of liver gave traces. One quarter of an ounce of 

 blood gave no lithium. An entire kidney, weighing ninety grains, distinctly 

 contained lithium. 



Experiment 22. Two guinea-pigs, the hair and nails of which showed no 

 lithium, were given each three grains of chloride of lithium. 



In the first, in two hours no lithium was in the hair. In four hours 

 lithium was in the hair of the belly, but scarcely perceptible in the hair of 

 the head. In twenty-four hours it was very distinct in the hair of the 

 belly and the head, and in the nails. For five days it was detected in each 

 drop of the urine. Ten days afterwards the urine showed lithium very 

 distinctly ; only after thirty-two days was lithium absent from a few drops 

 of the urine. The thirty-third day after the dose the animal was killed. 

 No lithium was found in the bile, liver, blood, lens, kidneys, spleen, or 

 other parts, by simply taking a small piece of the organ on a red-hot wire. 

 The evaporated aqueous extract of the two lenses showed no trace of li- 

 thium ; when, however, the two kidneys were incinerated, the ash treated 

 with sulphuric acid, the resulting sulphates exhausted with absolute alcohol 

 and the alcoholic extract evaporated to dryness, lithium was easily detected 

 in the residue. A portion of the liver, treated in the same manner, also 

 yielded lithium. 



The second guinea-pig gave traces of lithium in the urine when one- 

 eighth of an ounce was evaporated and treated with sulphuric acid and 

 alcohol, thirty-nine days after the lithium was taken. 



It follows from these experiments on the rate of passage of lithium into 

 and out of the body, that 



With three grains of chloride of lithium, a young guinea-pig in half an 

 hour had lithium in the watery extract of the lens. An old guinea-pig in 

 the same time had no lithium in the lens. 



With two grains, a young guinea-pig in six hours had lithium dis- 

 tinctly in all parts of the lens. An old guinea-pig had in the same time 

 scarcely any lithium in the inner part, but some in the outer part of the 

 lens. 



With the same quantity, in six days neither a young nor an old guinea- 

 pig gave any trace of lithium in the alcoholic extract of the kidney, liver, 

 or lenses. 



When two grains of chloride of lithium were taken, after six hours the 

 lithium was more distinct in the outer than in the inner part of the lens. 

 In twenty-four hours no difference in the different parts of the lens was 

 detectable. In forty-eight hours still no difference was observed. In 

 ninety-six hours (four days) no lithium was detectable in the lens or in a 

 cartilage of a joint ; still the urine showed lithium very distinctly even in 

 one drop. 



