No. 14.] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. 37 



ABIES Hill. Fir. 



Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, (producing balsam). 

 Balsam Fir. Balm-of-Gilead Fir. 



Rare. Cold swamps and woods: Middlebury (Harger), 

 Goshen (J. H. Putnam & Bissell), Cornwall (E. E. Brew- 

 ster), Salisbury (Mrs. C. S. Phelps). Also occurs as an 

 escape from cultivation at Woodstock (Weatherby), Andover 

 (Mrs. C. S. Phelps), and Farmington (Miss A. Lorenz). 

 May. 



The wood is soft and weak, of little value as timber. Its 

 habit of early losing its lower branches makes it less desirable 

 for ornamental planting than some other species of ever- 

 greens. Canada balsam is derived from the resin of its trunk. 



TSUGA (Endl.) Carr. Hemlock. 



Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 

 Hemlock. 



Usually frequent but rather local in its distribution. Rocky 

 woods and on hillsides in both dry and wet situations. May. 



The timber is coarse-grained and brittle, but is used for 

 rough lumber. The bark is much used in tanning. A valu- 

 able tree in cultivation for hedges and wind-breaks, and when 

 standing alone a desirable ornamental tree. Medicinal. 



CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. Cypress. White Cedar. 

 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. (like Thya, classical name 



for some fragrant tree). 

 Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Spach. 

 White Cedar. 



In swamps. Rare in western and central districts : Dan- 

 bury and New Fairfield (P. M. Augur et al.), Wolcott (A. 

 M. Johnson). Becoming occasional or frequent eastward. 

 April. 



A slender tree with light and durable wood very valuable 

 for fence posts. It usually grows in dense colonies, choking 

 out other vegetation and forming cedar swamps. 



THUJA L. Arbor Vitae. 



Thuja occidentalis L. (western). 



Arbor Vitae. White Cedar. i 



