152 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 



Quercus velutina Lam. (velvety). 



Quercns coccinca Muench., var. tinctoria A. DC. 

 Quercitron, Yellow-barked or Black Oak. 



Occasional or frequent. Dry or gravelly uplands. May ; 

 fruit Sept.— Oct. 



Quercus ilicifolia Wang, (holly-leaved). 

 Quercus nana Sarg. 

 Bear or Black Scrub Oak. 



Dry sandy or rocky sterile ground. Rare in the north- 

 western part of the state; local, frequent or common else- 

 where. May ; fruit Sept. — Oct. 



URTICACEAE. NETTLE FAMILY. 



ULMUS L. Elm. 



Ulmus fulva Michx. (tawny). 



Slippery, Red, Rock, Sweet, Moose, Indian or Tawny Elm. 



Rare to frequent. Dry or moist rocky woods and near 

 streams. April, rarely earlier. 



The wood is hard, strong, durable in contact with the soil ; 

 of value for wheel-stock, fence posts, etc., and sometimes pre- 

 ferred for ox-yokes. The inner bark is extensively used in 

 medicine. 



Ulmus campestris L. (of fields). 

 English or European Elm. 



Rare. Escaped from cultivation to roadsides in Hamden, 

 at Mt. Carmel (A. H. Graves), Oxford (Harger), and Salis- 

 bury (Mrs. C. S. Phelps), in horticultural forms. April — 

 May. Adventive from Europe. 



Sometimes planted as an ornamental tree. 



Ulmus americana L. 



American, White, Common, Water, Swamp, Shade, Weeping 



or Feathered Elm. 



Common. Woods, fields, roadsides and along streams. 

 April, rarely earlier. 



The wood is hard, strong and tough ; valued for w heel- 

 stock, boats and ship building. One of our most beautiful 

 trees and extensively planted for shade or ornament. 



