No. 14.] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. 369 



Viburnum cassinoides L. (like Ilex Cassine, the Yaupon). 

 Withe-rod. Wild Raisin. 



Swamps and wet woods. Frequent except in the south- 

 western part of Fairfield County where it is not known. June ; 

 fruit Aug-. — Sept. 



Viburnum nudum L. (naked). 

 Wild Raisin. 



Rare. Swampy woods: Milford and Derby (Fames). 

 Late June — July. 



Viburnum Lentago L. (tough; pliant). 



Sweet Viburnum. Sheepberry. Nannyberry. Wild Raisin. 



Occasional or frequent. Thickets and fence-rows in either 

 dry or wet ground. Late May — June ; fruit Sept. — Oct. 



The var. sphaerocarpum Gray (round-fruited) some- 

 times occurs with the species, but its distribution is not known. 



The fruit is edible but is unpalatable to many persons. 

 The bark of the root is medicinal and is officinal, with, and 

 under the name of, Viburnum prunifolium. 



Viburnum prunifolium L. (plum-leaved). 

 Black Haw. Sloe. Stag-bush. 



Rocky woods and thickets. Fairfield (Fames), and occa- 

 sional or frequent near the coast westward. May — early 

 June ; fruit Sept. 



The var. globosum Nash (spherical) occurs at Greenwich 

 (Bissell). 



The bark of the root is much valued for its medicinal 

 properties and is officinal. 



SAMBUCUS L. Flder. 



Sambucus canadensis L. 



Common or Black-berried Elder. 



Common. Moist thickets and fence-rows. Mid- June ^ 

 July ; fruit Aug. — Sept. 



The berries are used for making wine. The fruit and 

 liark are medicinal, as are the flowers which were formerly 

 officinal. 

 Sambucus racemosa L. (racemed). 

 Sambucus pubens Michx. 

 Red-berried Flder. 

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