PART III. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 71 
them to be chiefly visited by pollen-feeding flies, and on J uly I; 
1868, I took the following :— 
A. Diptera—(a) Syrphide; (1) Eristalis nemorum, L. ; (2) E. arbustorum, 
L. ; (3) E. tenax, L. ; (4) E. sepulcralis, L., all four fp., very ab. ; (5) Syritta 
pipiens, L., fp. ; (b) Muscide : (6) Pollenia Vespillo, F., fp.,ab. B. Hymen- 
optera—A pide ; (7) Apis mellifica, L. 9, ¢.p.., very ab. 
Thalictrum minus, L., is an anemophilous descendant of ento- 
mophilous ancestors, The flowers are proterogynous, and retain, as 
traces of their former entomophilous condition,—the non-simultane- 
ous dehiscence of the anthers, slight cohesiveness of the pollen, and 
perhaps also the conspicuous yellow colour of the anthers (590, 1.). 
i 
Fic. 23.—Atragene alpina, L. 
A.—Flower in side view, X 3. 
B.—Ditto, after removal of one sepal, 
C.—One of the four large petals. 
D.—One of the inner small petals, with a rudimentary anther-lobe 
at one side (C and D seen from the inside). 
K.—Stamen in side view. 
F.—Ditto, seen obliquely from within. 
G.—A carpel (O—G, x 43). 
n, nectary ; sh, honey-receptacle. 
Hepatica triloba, Gil. (Anemone hepatica, L.), is visited by bees 
and Syrphide for its pollen (590, 1.). 
Pulsatilla vulgaris, Mill. (Anemone Pulsatilla, L.)—The abun- 
dant pollen is much sought by bees; honey is secreted by 
rudimentary stamens reduced to short stalked knobs (590, 1.). 
Pulsatilla vernalis, L.—My specimens from the Stelvio were 
slightly proterogynous ; Ricca’s, from Val Camonica, were very 
markedly so. The nectaries here also are modified stamens 
(590, 609). 
