PART III. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 73 
their anthers. The sepals were still quite fresh in all seven flowers. 
The experiment was not completed, as the plants withered in the 
irregularly-heated room. 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—(1) Halictus cylindricus, F, 9, ¢.p. ; (2) Andrena 
fulvicrus, K.9, ¢.p.; (3) A. albicans, K. g, f.p. ; (4) Osmia fusca, Christ. ? , 
e«p.; (5) Apis mellifica, L. $, in hundreds, cp. and also s. B. Diptera— 
(6) Scatophaga stercoraria, L. ; (7) Sc. merdaria, F., both fp. C. Coleoptera 
_ —(8) Meligethes, fp. ; (9) Mordella pumila, Gyll. See also 590, I. 
| Although I could not detect any honey, even by help of a 
lens, I repeatedly observed a hive-bee flying from flower to 
flower and thrusting its proboscis into one or more spots in the 
_ base of the flower, between the sepals and carpels. Here the bees 
_ doubtless tapped the juice which the flowers did not of themselves 
furnish, and which the bees were in want of to moisten the pollen 
that they collected at the same time. Once I saw a honey-bee 
first suck honey on flowers of Cardamine pratensis and then fly off 
to gather pollen on Anemone nemorosa. 
“Even i in spots where Primula elatior was blooming suhestidantly: 
hive-bees remained busily occupied upon the wood anemone. 
Anemone alpina, L.—This species is androdicecious. The male 
H flowers are distinctly smaller than the hermaphrodite, and the latter 
are proterogynous. The plant is visited by numerous bees and flies, 
though the flowers are devoid of honey (609). 
— Anemone narcissifolia, L., is proterandrous, the stigmas not 
_ being mature until the anthers have dehisced or have even been 
emptied. The flowers are devoid of honey (609). | 
Adonis vernalis, L.,is proterogynous and devoid of honey. The 
_ visitors are chiefly bees and also ants (590, I.). 
Myosurus minimus, L., is proterandrous, according to Delpino. 
_ After the anthers wither, the apex of the ovary becomes lengthened 
into a long cone and develops its stigmas. Delpino thinks that 
_ the flowers are fertilised by flies (No. 177, p. 57). 
| According to my own observations, the enormous elongation of 
the axis bearing the pistil has simply the object of self-fertilising 
most of the numerous stigmas by means of the small number of 
_ anthers, for insect-visitors are very few. The anthers, which le 
close around the axis, let their pollen emerge very gradually by 
| two lateral slits, while the lengthening axis brings fresh stigmas in 
contact with them. As visitors of this plant, I have observed 
chiefly minute insects, not more than 1 to 14 mm. long ,viz. Diptera 
of the genera Sciara, Chironomus, Scatopse, Phora, Cecidomyia, 
wags 
