98 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART ITI. 
between the hood and the upper petal. It more usually bites 
a hole in the spur at, or a little in front of, its place of bending, 
and through this hole thrusts its proboscis to the extremity of the 
spur. I found the great majority of flowers to have been bitten 
through in this way by JB. terrestris, 2, and through the holes I 
saw not only the hive-bee, but also Andrena albicans, K. 9, 
A. nitida, Foure. ¢, Sphecodes gibbus, L., and Nomada Fabriciana, 
L. 2, obtain the honey. The only bee which I have seen sucking 
the honey of C. cava legitimately is Anthophora pilipes, F. 2 and ¢, 
with its proboscis of 19 to 21 mm. But this species visited the 
flowers of Corydalis in such numbers and so diligently that it 
should suffice for the fertilisation of all. I have only seen two 
other insects legitimately sucking the honey of C. cava, viz. 
Bombylius major, L. (10) and B. discolor, Mgn. (11 to 12), which, 
hovering over the flowers, thrust in their long proboscides, without 
however, accomplishing fertilisation. ‘The hive-bee must also be 
included among the fertilisers of C. cava. I have often seen it 
creeping in between the hood and upper lip with the fore-part of 
its body in order to collect pollen, which it swept off the stigma 
with the tarsal brushes of its middle legs, and placed in the pollen- 
baskets on its hindlegs. An ant, Lasiws niger, L. %, enters the 
flowers and makes its way to the honey (590, L.). 
24, CORYDALIS SOLIDA, Sm., resembles the former species in 
the mechanism of its flowers, and has a spur sometimes as long, 
sometimes very slightly shorter. In the spot where I have observed _ 
it (Stromberg Hill), it grows together with C. cava, but in smaller — 
numbers, and always with red flowers (C. cava being white or red). — 
In this locality its honey is sucked legitimately, as in C. cava, by — 
Anthophora pilipes, F., Bombylius major, L., and B. discolor, Mgn.; 
the honey is stolen by means of a hole by JB. terrestris, L. ¢, and — 
Apis mellifiea, L. $, and the plant is also visited and fertilised — 
by the last-named for the sake of its pollen. } 
Corydalis nobilis, Pers, and C. capnoides, Whinb., have, according — 
to Hildebrand, a similar arrangement to that of C. cava (358). 
Corydalis ochroleuca, K., is marked off from C. cava by the fact — 
that the hood, when once bent down, does not rise again, while the — 
stamens and pistil fly upwards and become concealed in a hollow — 
of the upper petal. Hence each flower can only be visited by bees — 
once in such a way as to influence these organs. This single visit — 
dusts the under side of the bee with the pollen which has been. 
heaped up on the stigma, and also brings other pollen to the 
