PART III. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 103 
pairs of long stamens. The honey secreted by these four glands 
accumulates in the pouched bases of the sepals. Since the calyx in 
this case serves to hold the honey it is more persistent than in most 
other Crucifers, and the sepals are unusually large, in relation to the 
great size of the honey-glands ; those which receive the honey from 
_ the larger glands are broader and more swollen at the base than 
the two others, so that one may tell by looking at the calyx from 
' below where in the flowers the shorter stamens are placed. On 
| tearing off the sepals, a honey-gland is seen between the claws of 
_ each pair of adjacent petals. 
I: In the young bud all the six anthers are turned towards the 
 pistil, which projects above them. Before the flower opens, the 
Fic, 82.—Cardamine pratensis, L. 
1.—Flower, from above, 
2.—Ditto, in side view, after removal of the two anterior petals. 
3.— Essential organs and nectaries (nm), enlarged. 
_ four inner stamens elongate and overtop the stigma, and make a 
1 quarter of a revolution outwards, each one towards the small 
"7 stamen nearest to it: so that now an insect, in trying to reach the 
1 honey of one of the larger glands, must rub its head or proboscis 
ie against the pollen-bearing surface of one of the taller anthers. 
In cold, rainy weather flowers are often found in which the 
_ revolution is incomplete, or does not take place at all, and in such 
} cases the pollen of the longer stamens falls of itself upon the 
stigma. The shorter stamens always remain with the side at which 
| they dehisce turned inwards towards the stigma, so that the pollen 
_is rubbed off by the head or proboscis of any insect which is 
Bresso 
