parr] THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 127 
, Sphinges: (5) Macroglossa stellatarum, L. ; (6) Zygena carniolica, Scop. ; 
(ce) Noctue : (7) Plusia gamma, L., ab.—The only other insect that I have 
found on the flowers was a small Halictus, c.p. (Sept. 1871). See also No. 
590, II. 
| 54, DIANTHUS CHINENSIS, L.—I have seen flowers in my 
garden repeatedly visited by Noctuw: (1) Plusia gamma, L.: 
(2) Agrotis pronuba, L.; and (3) Brotolamia meticulosa, L. 
_ Species. of Dianthus which I have observed on the Alps 
| (D. superbus, L., D. silvestris, Wulf., and D. atrorubens, All.), are, 
like the three preceding species, distinctly proterandrous, and 
visited by diurnal Lepidoptera (609). 
As in the proterandrous Alsinez, gynodicecism seems to be 
widespread in the genus Dianthus. It occurs in D. superbus, 
Fic. 40.—Gypsophila paniculata, L. 
1.—F lower in first (male) stage, 2 Ditto in second (female) stage. 
OD. carthusianorum, and D. deltoides, and the last of these shows 
all gradations between hermaphrodite, gynomoneecious, and gyno- 
 dicecious flowers (607). 
_ 55. GYPSOPHILA PANICULATA, L, —Although the corolla, when 
fully expanded, is barely 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, the many 
hundreds of flowers borne at once by a single plant, and the 
_ abundant and easily accessible honey and pollen, attract numerous 
insects. The power of self-fertilisation has been entirely lost. 
_ The honey lies between the ovary and a green fleshy ring at 
the base of the ten stamens; the cup at the bottom of which 
it lies is 24mm. decp, and about the same in width at the 
entrance. The honey is therefore accessible to short-lipped 
| insects. First the five outer stamens, which alternate with the 
