186 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART IIT, 
confusus, Schenck, § 2 (12—14) ! (7) B. muscorum, F. 9 (13—14)! (8) B. 
fragrans, K. 9 (15)! (9) B. (Apathus) rupestris, F. 9 (14)! (10) B. vestalis, 
Foure. 9 (12) ! (11) B. campestris, Pz. Q (10—12) ! (12) B. Barbutellus, K.? 
(12) ! all s, some also c.p. ; (13) (Bombus terrestris, L. [7—9]), bites through 
the tube and so reaches the honey with some delay,—it has, however, the 
advantage of obtaining honey even from unexpanded flowers ; (14) (B. pratorum, 
L. % [8]), behaves in the same way) ; (15) Apis mellifica, L. § (6), usually 
visits the red clover only for its honey, which its proboscis is not able to reach 
in the legitimate manner,—yet I have now and then seen hundreds of honey- 
bees on a patch of red clover, all busy collecting pollen ; (16) Anthophora 
pilipes, F. 2 (19—20), s.! (17) Eucera longicornis, L. 9 ¢ (10), s.! (18) 
Cilissa leporina, Pz. 2 (33), c.p.! (19) Andrena xanthura, K. ? (3), ep. ! 
(20) A. Schrankella, Nyl. 2 (4); (21) A. fulvicrus, K. 2 (3%); (22) A. 
fasciata, Wesm. 2 ¢ (3—4),—all three sought in vain for honey, their collecting- 
hairs remained free from pollen ; (23) Colletes fodiens, K. 2 (24), ep. ! (24) 
Halictus flavipes, K. 2 (23), ¢.p.! (25) Anthidium manicatum, L. 9 ¢ (9—10), 
s.! (26) Megachile circumcincta, L. @ (11), s. and c.p.! (27) Osmia enea, 
L. 9 (9—10), s. and c.p.! (28) Diphysis serratule, Pz. 9 (7—8) cp.! B. 
Diptera—(a) Bombyliide: (29) (Systeechus sulfureus, Mikan [6—7]); (0) 
Syrphide : (30) (Volucella bombylans, L. [7—8]) ; (¢) Conopide : (31) (Sicus 
ferrugineus, L. [6—7]),—I have seen all these three flies thrusting their tongues 
beneath the vexillum, though their tongues are too short to reach the honey in 
the legitimate way). C. Lepidoptera—(a) Rhopalocera : (32) Pieris brassice, 
L. (15); (83) P. rapze, L. ; (84) Vanessa urtice, L. (12) ; (85) Satyrus Megeera, L. ; 
(36) S. Janira, L. ; (37) Hesperia sylvanus, Esp. ; (38) H. thaumas, Hfn. ; (0) 
Noctue : (39) Plusia gamma, L., all s. 
Trifolium badium, Schreb.—The flower is in like manner 
adapted for Lepidoptera. On the Alps I found it visited by four 
Apide and eleven Lepidoptera (609). 
Trifolium alpestre, L.—The flower is similarly arranged, and was 
seen to be visited by two species of Apidze and nine Lepidopter 
(Weit. Beob. I1.). 
Kuhn describes cleistogamic flowers in Trifolium (399), and 
T. polymorphum is cleistogamic according to Darwin (Forms of 
Flowers, 2nd ed.). 
Trifolium alpinum, L., T. pallescens, Schreb., and 7’, nivale, Sieb. 
(7. pratense, L., var. nivale), are described in my Alpendblumen 
(No. 609). 
101. TRIFOLIUM ARVENSE, L.—The tube is hardly 2 mm. long. 
Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—-(a) Apide: (1) Apis mellifica, L. %; (2) 
Bombus Rajellus, Ill. 9 $, very freq. ; (3) B. lapidarius, L. $; (4) Cilissa 
leporina, Pz. 2 ; (5) Andrena xanthura, K. 9; (6) Halictus zonulus, Sm. 9 ; 
(7) H. quadricinctus, F, 2; (8) Colletes marginata, Sm. ¢; (9) Diphysis 
serratule, Pz, ¢; (10) Osmia ceementaria, Gerst. ¢ (Thur.) ; (11) Megachile 
maritima, K. ¢, all sucking only ; (b) Sphegide: (12) Psammophila affinis, 
K. 2,8. B. Lepidoptera—(13) Hesperia thaumas, Hufn., s. 
