206 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART ILI. 
honey legitimately on V. sepiwm from collecting pollen also on its 
flowers, and thus diminishes the number of their visits. 
The stigma of V. sepiwm resembles that of Lathyrus pratensis 
in the way in which, when it is rubbed on a piece of glass, first its 
own pollen is rubbed off, and then its papillz are injured and exude 
a sticky fluid. 
The visitors are all bees, viz. :—(1) Bombus agrorum, F. 9 § ; (2) B. Rajellus, 
Ill. 2; (8) B. lapidarius, L. 9 $; (4) B. silvarum, L. 9; (5) Anthophora 
pilipes, F. 9 ¢,—-all sucking normally ; (6) Bombus terrestris, L. ?, biting a 
hole and stealing the honey ; (7) Osmia rufa, L. 9 ; (8) Apis mellifica,. L..% ,— 
both make use of the holes made by B. terrestris. Both species have tongues 
long enough (Osmia rufa 8 mm., Apis 6 mm.), but are not strong enough to 
reach the honey in the legitimate way. See also No. 590, IL. 
Vicia angustifolia, Roth.—The brushes on the style are similar 
to those in V. sepium. The visitors are humble-bees, Saropoda, 
and Lepidoptera (590, II.). 
119. Victa Faba, L.—The brushes on the style are similar to 
those of V. sepium. In spite of the much greater size of the flower, 
both its honey and pollen are more accessible than those of V. sepiwm, 
though to reach the honey a longer proboscis is needed. The vexil- 
lum and alee fit much less firmly together, and the carina is much 
more easily depressed. The thickened processes which in V. sepiwm 
project from the under side of the vexillum are here wanting; the claw 
of the vexillum (13 to 16 mm. long) is only loosely embraced by the — 
calyx-tube, and for a distance of only 6 to 7 mm. above, and 8 to 10 
mm. below. The vexillum is therefore easily pushed upwards, and 
those humble-bees which have a proboscis long enough to reach 
the honey in V. Faba, can do so more easily in that flower than in 
V. septum. The two depressions by which the ale and carina are 
united in V. Cracca and V. sepium occur also in the Bean, but in the 
latter the interlocking of the individual cells is less marked than in 
the others, so that the alee and carina may be easily separated with- 
out tearing. The two posterior processes of the alee, whose use is to 
keep the al and carina in their proper place in relation to the 
staminal column, are here much reduced and easily slip down from 
the upper surface of the carina. The ale and carina are easily — 
depressed, all the more that the ale project far beyond the carina, 
forming a powerful lever acted on by the weight of the bee. Thus 
to reach the honey is here a matter of little difficulty, and is 
possible even for the smaller bees. | 
