uu] | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 211 
» %, s. and ep; Bombus pratorum, L. %,s.; and Hesperia 
ilvanus, Esp. s. 
_ 124, Larnyrus oporatus, L., is visited by Anthidium mani- 
vatwm, L. 2, s. | 
125. LATHYRUS VERNUS, Bernh. (Orobus vernus, L.).—I have 
epeatedly found Bombus hortorum, L.:?, sucking honey on this 
ower. A list of eleven other visitors, exclusively bees, is given in 
Yo, 590, IL., p. 257. 
iathyrus grandiflorus is very rarely visited by bees in England. 
f the flowers are shaken they prove more fertile (152). 
_ Delpino mentions the genera Apis, Bombus, Eucera, Anthophora, 
4 Xylocopa, as the chief fertilisers of the various species of 
 Lathyrus (178). 
126. Pisum sativum, L. (the Pea)—The mechanism of this 
flower agrees in most essential points with that of Lathyrus 
| pratensis, but it has so many peculiarities that we must discuss it 
n almost complete detail. 
7 _ style ascends almost perpendicularly to the horizontal 
| , but its tip curves inwards so far that the stigma points” 
alm Bet horizontally towards the base of the flower (s¢. 7). The style 
‘3s not swollen at the end, but is covered with long hairs on the side 
wing the base of the flower for over one-third of its length down- 
ards from the stigma (7, 8, fig. 71). The style follows the line 
of union of the two halves of the carina, so the carina also is 
_ curved inwards in the shape of a sickle, and its conical tip, which 
‘incloses the brush upon the style, points towards the base of the 
' flower (1, fig. 71). In this species also, as in L. pratensis, there is 
| present in the bud on each side of the tip of the carina (a, 1, 4) a 
puch, within which are the anthers ; but the pouches are shallower 
and the folds separating them from the free margin are less 
arked, and the space in which the anthers lie in the bud is on 
the whole conical. The apex of the carina leaves, of course, an 
: ! ‘opening for the passage of the style (0, 4, 5). The anthers dehisce 
shortly before the bud expands; they fill the conical point of the 
wina with pollen and withdraw into the base of the cone, so 
nat at the commencement of the flowering-period the stigma and 
1e style-brush are covered with pollen, part of which is swept 
it at the apical orifice each time that the carina is depressed. 
The edges of the orifice yield to a pressure from within, but close 
P 2 
