} 
| , sys Fok 
_ accessible honey attract many insects, and cross-fertilisation is_ 
agi _— se 
238 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III, 
pipiens, L., all fp. C. Coleoptera—(a) Nitidulide : (20) Meligethes, ab. ; 
b) Dermestide : (21) Anthrenus pimpinelle, F.; (22) A. scrophularie, id 
ab. ; (23) A. claviger, Er., scarce ; (c) Malacodermata : (24) Dasytes sp., scarce ; 
(25) Anthocomus fisbinkas L., at (d) Lamellicornia : (26) Cetonia aurata 7 
L.; (27) Phyllopertha horiesia’ L .; (28) Melolontha vulgaris, L., all three — 
devouring the soft tissues indiscriminately ; (¢) Mordellide : (29) Mordella 
aculeata, L. ; (30) Anaspis ruficollis, F.; (f) Cistelide: (81) Cistela murina, — 
L. ; (g) Cerambycide : (32) Strangalia atra, F.; (33) S. attenuata, L.; (34) — 
Grammoptera ruficornis, F., very freq. ; (35) Clytus arietis, L., all feeding 
on the soft tissues, especially the anthers. 
r 
£ 
?, 
& 
These last two lists not only afford a new example of how” 
increasing conspicuousness leads to more numerous insect-visits } | 
but they also disprove Delpino’s theory, that the proper fertilisers — 
of Roses are Cetoniw: and Glaphyr ide and that therefore the — 
geographical distribution of Roses is limited by the range of these _ € 
beetles.t 
Rosa rubiginosa, L., Sab hs: an obvious secretion of honeys 
(590, IL). 
Tribe Pomee. 
150. Pyrus Mats, L.—The five stigmas overtop the stamens — 
and ripen before them. The conspicuous flowers and easily 
insured by the proterogynous condition, and also by the prominent 
position of the stigmas. In the absence of insects, self-fertilisation 
results ; for most flowers are directed sideways, towards the light, so” 
that pollen can fall of itself upon the stigmas. Here and there 
flowers occur in which the stigmas are in immediate contact with | 
the anthers. 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apidew: (1) Bombus terrestris, L. ? ; (2) 
B. agrorum, F. ?; (3) B. lapidarius, L. 2; (4) B. hortorum, L. 9, all four 
very ab.; (5) Apis mellifica, L. $ ; (6) Anthophora pilipes, F. 2; (7) An- 
drena albicans, K. ¢ 9, all seven s. and ¢.p. ; (8) Halictus sexnotatus, K. 2, s. ; 
(9) Osmia rufa, L. ¢, s. (the bees almost: always alight in the middle of the 
flowers, and so usually perform cross-fertilisation even in older flowers, since 
the stigmas are the first to touch the pollen-covered belly of the insect). (0) 
Formicide; (10) various species, ab., s. B, Diptera—(a) Bombyliide : (11) _ 
Bombylius major, L., s. ; (b) Empide : (12) Empis livida, L., s.; (e) Syrphide = 
(13) Rhingia rostrata, L., very freq., usually s. but also f.p.; (14) Syrphus 
pyrastri, L., s. and f.p.; (d@) Muscide: (15) Onesia floralis, R. D., s.; (e) 
Bibionide : (16) Dilophus vulgaris, Mgn., very ab., s. 
a Alcuni App. p. 18, “Le peonie e le rose debbono arrestarsi dove st ‘arrestano 
le Cetonie.” 
