240 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
ab. ; (4) A. dorsata, K. 9 ¢, all three sucking and collecting pollen ; (5) A. 
Smithella, K. 9, ¢p.; (6) A. atriceps, K. 2; (7) A. convexiuscula, K. 9; 
(8) Halictus rubicundus, Chr. 2; (9) H. zonulus, Sm. ¢, all sucking and 
collecting pollen ; (10) Nomada ruficornis, L. 9? ¢; (11) N. signata, Jur. 2, 
both sucking ; (b) Formicidw: (12) Formica congerens, N. % ; (13) Lasius” 
niger, L. § ; (14) Myrmica sp.,$, all three s., ab. B. Diptera—(a) Empide: 
(15) Empis livida, L. ; (16) E. rustica, Fallen, both s., ab. ; (b) Syrphide : 
(17) Helophilus floreus, L. ; (18) Eristalis arbustorum, L. ; (19) E. nemorum, 
L. ; (20) E. horticola, Mgn. ; (21) Rhingia rostrata, L., all five s. and fp., ab. ; 
(c) Muscide: (22) Echinomyia fera, L.; (23) Onesia floralis, R. D. ; (24) 
Scatophaga stercoraria, L. ; (25) S. merdaria, F., the last three ab., s.; (26) 
Sepsis, ab. ; (d) Conopide: (27) Myopa testacea, L.; (e) Bibionide: (28) 
Dilophus vulgaris, F., ab., s.,—besides several undetermined flies and midges. 
C. Coleoptera—(a) Nitidulide: (29) Epurea; (30) Meligethes, both in 
hundreds; (b) Dermestide: (31) Byturus, in hundreds; (32) Attagenus 
pellio, scarce ; (c) Elateride: (33) Agriotes aterrimus, L.; (34) Dolopius — 
marginatus, L. ; (35) Corymbites holosericeus, L. ; (36) Limonius cylindricus, — 
Pk. ; (37) L. parvulus, Pz.; (d) Lamellicornia: (38) Cetonia aurata, L. ; 
(39) Melolontha vulgaris, L., both devouring all the tissues of the flower ; (e) — 
Malacodermata : (40) Malachius zneus, F., 1.h., and devouring the anthers ;_ 
(f) Mordellide: (41) Anaspis rufilabris, Gylh.; (9) Tenebrionide: (42) — 
Microzoum tibiale, F. !—only once ; (2) Cureulionide : (43) Apion sp. ; (44) _ 
Phyllobius maculicornis, Germ., both s.; (¢) Cerambycide: (45) Clytus ( 
arietis, L., s.; (&) Chrysomelide : (46) Adimonia sanguinea, F,, s. | 
153. Crarzaus OxyacantHa, L.—The flowers resemble those — 
of Pyrus Aucuparia in regard to their proterogyny, the manner 
dehiscence and the bending inwards .of their stamens, and hence 
also in the great likelihood of cross-fertilisation. The outer stamens | 
begin to dehisce one or two days after the opening of the flower, 
Dung-flies and flesh-flies are attracted in special abundance by | 
the odour of the flowers. In absence of insects, many flowers 
fertilise themselves. The young shoots sometimes exude a sweet 
sap, which is sought by insects. On May 9, 1868, on bushes that 
were just beginning to flower, I saw <Anthophora pilipes, F. 6, 
Bombus terrestris, L. 2, an Andrena, and Odynerus parietum, L. 
all feeding on this sap. 
Visitors: A. Diptera—(a) Empide : (1) Tachydromia connexa, Mgn., ab. ; 
(2) Empis livida, L.,s., very ab.; (3) Microphorus velutinus, Macq. (identified by 
Herr Winnertz) ; (b) Syrphide: (4) Pipiza notata, Mgn. ; (5) Rhingia rostrata, 
L., 8., very ab. ; (6) Eristalis tenax, L. ; (7) E. intricarius, L. ; (8) E. nemorum, 
L.; (9) E. arbustorum, L. ; (10) E. sepulcralis, L.; (11) E. pertinax, Scop, 
—all the species of Eristalis s, and f.p. ; all except E. intricarius very ab. ; (12) 
Helophilus floreus, L. ; (13) H. pendulus, L., both ab. (14) Xylota segnis, L. ; 
(c) Muscide: (15) Echinomyia fera, L.; (16) Sarcophaga carnaria, L., s. ; 
(17) Onesia floralis, R. D., 8. ; (18) O. sepuleralis, Mgn., s. ; (19) Graphomyia 
