ART IIT. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 287 
lifferent species of their insect-guests: 1. Heraclewm (118); 2. 
Figopodium (104); 3. Anthriscus silvestris (73); 4. Daucus Carota 
(61); 4. Carwm carui (55); 6. Cherophyllum temulum (23) and 
Pimpinella Saxifraga (23); 7. Torilis (9). 
Those insects which are most specialised for obtaining honey 
e the least frequent visitors of Umbellifere. On most Umbel- 
ifers butterflies are never seen, and on the others only rarely. 
n cases where I saw them on several flowers one after another 
mking their proboscides on to the fleshy disk, I have set them 
own as sucking; but the point may be reserved whether they 
eally can suck up honey off the flat surface, or were tearing the 
isk with the sharp appendages of the proboscis and sucking the 
uice set free, or whether they were only looking for honey 
successfully. 
_ We find on Umbellifers, on the one hand, the least specialised 
genera of bees (Prosopis, Sphecodes, Halictus, Andrena) licking 
he flat layer of honey or gathering pollen, and, on the other 
hand, the most diligent forms (Apis, Bombus,) collecting pollen, 
r more rarely sucking honey. 
_ The odour of Umbellifers is shown to be of marked influence 
n bees’ visits, as the strong-smelling umbels of Anethum graveolens 
ted with special preference by the equally strong-smelling 
decies of Prosopis. The great majority of the visitors of Umbellifers 
fe Be ort-lipped flies, beetles, wasps, and other short-lipped insects 
‘im immense variety. As a peculiarity which influences this 
semblage of insects, I must mention the yellowish colour, for 
have never found the flowers of Bupleurum, Silaus, or Pastinaca 
isited by beetles. These seem to be mainly attracted to flowers 
y bright colours. 
_ Rare Umbellifers, confined to particular localities, have rare 
| insects as their visitors. 
Orv. ARALIACEZ. 
Hedera, L., is proteranderous, according to Delpino, and is 
fertilised by Biss (177). Ihave seen it visited also by beetles and 
by praspe (590, 1). 
Orv. CORNACE A. 
197. CorRNUS SANGUINEA, L.—The fleshy ring surrounding 
| the base of the style secretes honey, which, lying open on the flat 
