290 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART II, 
14—4 mm. long., 11 specimens; (c) Simulidw: (3) Simulia sp., 14 speci- 
mens ; (d) Cecidomyide : (4) various species, 10 specimens. B. Hymenoptera— _— 
(a) Pteromalini: (5) Eulophus, ¢, 1 specimen; (6) seven other species, — 
9 specimens; (b) Ichneumonide: (7) Pezomachus, Gray., two species, 2 spe- — 
cimens. ©, Coleoptera—Curculionide: (8) Apion columbinum, Grm., 3 _ 
specimens. Many of these small guests scrambled over the inflorescence, others 
flew from flower to flower ; all licked the thin layer of honey, and none were — 
feeding on the pollen. . 
199. Sampucus NicRA, L.—I have never found honey in the 
flowers. The relative positions of the essential organs are as in 
the following species, save that the stamens diverge still more | 
widely. Many flowers are aggregated together, and the corymb— 
is here so large and conspicuous that enlargement of the marginal 
flowers is unnecessary. The flowers are much less visited by 
insects than those of the Guelder-rose, and I have never found : 
pollen-collecting bees upon them. It would be premature 
A ep arent y edire~ttt adaiiabamee hse 
Fig. 97.—Sambucus nigra, L. 
1.—Flower, from the front. 
2.—Ditto, obliquely from the front and side. 
8.—Ditto, obliquely from behind. (x 3.) 
conclude from this that the strong scent of the flowers 
distasteful to bees, for I have frequently found bees, and even the 
hive-bee, visiting Ruta graveolens, in regard to which Delpino 
advanced the same opinion. Fertilisation is effected in the 
same way as in the previous species; but as cross-fertilisation 
is less perfectly insured, self-fertilisation takes place much more 
freely, pollen falling directly wpon the stigma in many flowers. — 
Visitors : A. Diptera—(a) Stratiomyide : (1) Sargus poe L.; (i 
Sy vere (2) Eristalis arbustorum, L. ; (3) E. nemorum, L. ; (4) E. tenax 
L.; (5) E. horticola, Mgn. (Sld.) ; (6) Volucella pellucens, L., all: f.p. 
Coleoptera—Lumellicornia: (7) Cetonia aurata, L. (Sld.) ; (8) Trichiu 
fasciatus, L., both of these beetles feed on the petals and other parts of th 
flower, and an therefore more destructive than useful. See also No. 590, { 
Sambucus Ebulus, u—The flowers are visited on the Alps b, 
hive-bees, humble-bees, and Syrphidee (Volweella) (609, Pp: aoe 
in Low Germany by Diptera (590, III.). 
