292 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART m0 
Visitors : as ene sho gi : (1) Eristalis ae L.3 
E. nemorum, L.; (3) E. sepuleralis, L.; (4) E. tenax, L.; (5) pee Fi 
floreus, L. ; (6) H. pendulus, L., all ab., s. pee f.p. ; (bd) Musidas (7) Echino- 
myia fera, L. B. Hyincnovters —Apete ; (8) Halictus sexnotatus, K., ¢, f 
©. Coleoptera—(a) Nitidulide : (9) Meligethes, ab. ; (6) Lamellicornia : (10) . 
Phyllopertha horticola, L., feeding on the petals and other parts of the flow 
See also No. 590, II. 
201, SYMPHORICARPOS RACEMOSUS, Michx.—The flowers of th 
Snowberry seem to be specially adapted for wasps, like those of 
Scrophularia. The corolla is pendulous, bell-shaped, and of — 
reddish colour, 7 to 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, cleft nearly © 
the middle into five lobes. A wasp’s head (5 mm. broad, 2 to 25 
mm. thick) can be conveniently accommodated in it, and in point 
of fact, wasps, in places where they are abundant, are the mo. 3 
numerous visitors of this plant. The 
wasp hangs below the flower, thrusting 
in its head and licking the honey which 
is secreted very abundantly by the fleshy 
swelling at the base of the style. The 
-honey collects in the base of the flower 
and on the inner wall of its dilated lowe 
portion ; it is prevented from flowing ou 
Fic. 99.—Symphoricarpos 
racemosus, Michx. (2$.) by long close hairs upon the five lobes o 
1—Flower, viewed from theside. the corolla extending inwards to th 
2.—Ditto, in section. 
centre of the flower, and protected fror 
rain both by these hairs and by the obliquely age positio 
of the flower. ; 
In the lowest part of the hairy lining, viz. that neares 
the mouth of the flower, are the five anthers, which dehise sc 
introrsely and converge towards the centre of the flower; th 
filarnents are attached to the corolla near its middle. Immediatel 
above the hairs, in the middle of the flower, stands the stigms 
which ripens at the same time as the anthers. As the wasp thru 4 
its head wholly into the flower, it comes at once in contact y 
all five anthers and then touches with one side the stigma ; but © 
its way to the stigma little or no pollen remains attached to it, par 
because the pollen is very slightly adhesive, and partly because a 
grains that do attach themselves are brushed off before : 
reach the stigma by the hairs lining the corolla, It is only wh 
being withdrawn moistened with hone y that the insect’s head acqui 
a plentiful coating of pollen to be carried to the stigma of the ne: 
flower. Thus, in case of wasps’ visits, cross-fertilisation is insurec 
i 
f 
