PART III] THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 321 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—Apide : (1) Apis mellifica, L. §, 8. ab.; (2) 
Bombus rupestris, L. ¢,s.; (3) B. campestris, L. ¢,s.; (4) B. terrestris, L. 
3, 8.; (5) Andrena denticulata, K.? ¢,¢.p.ands. (Tekl. Borgst.). B. Diptera 
—Syrphide : (6) Eristalis arbustorum, L.; (7) E. nemorum, L., both species 
f.p.,ab. C. Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera: (8) Thecla ilicis, Esp., s. A list of 
Alpine visitors (six bees, twenty-two flies, twenty-seven Lepidoptera) is given 
in my Alpenblumen (No. 609). 
216. SoLIDAGO CANADENSIS, L, :— 
_ Visitors: Diptera—(a) Syrphide: (1) Eristalis arbustorum, L.; (2) E. 
nemorum, L. ; (3) Syritta pipiens, L., all three species f.p., ab. ; (b) Muscide : 
(4) Sarcophaga carnaria, L., f.p.; (5) Numerous small Muscide. See also 
No. 590, Il. 
! 217. BELLIS PERENNIS, L.—Numerous tiny florets 1 to 2 mm. 
- in length unite to form a flat, yellow disk 6 mm. in diameter. The 
_ white outer lobes (5 mm. long) of the marginal florets bring the 
_ diameter of the whole capitulum up to 16 mm. The marginal 
florets have no stamens, and their styles have lost their sweeping- 
hairs; the two branches of the style are furnished with stigmatic 
_ papillze on their edges for their whole length (cf. Hildebrand, 357). 
On the other hand, in the florets of the disk the style is short, 
_ broadly oval, and closely covered with sweeping-hairs on the outer 
surface from the broadest part to the tip; these hairs both sweep the 
_ pollen out of the anther-cylinder as the style elongates, and after- 
_ wards hold it until it is removed by insects. The branches of the 
style in the disk-florets are only furnished with a short strip of - 
_ stigmatic papillae on each border below the broadest part. After 
_ fertilisation the branches of the style are again drawn within the 
corolla, so that the placing of more pollen on the already fertilised 
stigma is avoided. 
} Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide: (1) Apis mellifica, L. $, ¢p., 
} freq.; (2) Andrena parvula, K. 9, c¢.p.; (3) Halictus minutissimus, K. ?, c.p., 
freq. ; (4) H. cylindricus, F. ?,s.; (5) Sphecodes gibbus, L. 9, s.; (6) Nomada 
' lineola, Pz. ¢,s.; (7) N. flavoguttata, K. ¢,s.; (8) Osmia rufa, L. 2,5, and 
¢@p.; (b) Formicide: (9) Myrmica levinodis, Nyl., tried to suck. B. 
_ Diptera—(a) Empide: (10) Empis livida, L., s., very ab.; (11) E. opaca, F., 
s.; (b) Syrphide: (12) Eristalis arbustorum, L.; (13) E. sepulcralis, L.; (14) 
| E. tenax, L. ; (15) E. pertinax, Scop, ; (16) Rhingia rostrata, L., all five species 
f.p., very ab.; (17) Syritta pipiens, L., fp. and s, ab. ; (18) Melithreptus 
| scriptus, L., fip.; (c) Muscide: (19) Scatophaga stercoraria, L.; (20) Se. 
| merdaria, F., both species f.p., ab. ; (21) Lucilia cornicina, F., f.p., freq. ; (22) 
Musca corvina, F., do. All these flies had their tongues, legs, and under surface, 
especially of the thorax, thickly coated with pollen. C. Lepidoptera—Rhopa- 
| locera: (23) Satyrus pamphilus, L., s.; (24) Polyommatus dorilis, Hufn., 
; Y 
