322 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
D. Coleoptera—(a) agent (25) Meligethes, f.p.; (b) Gidemeride : (26) 
(Edemera virescens, L.; (c) Cerambycide: (27) Leptura livida, L., fp. - See 
also No. 590, III. 
218. ASTER CHINENSIS, L.—I have noticed on the flowers in 
my garden :— 
A. Diptera—Syrphide : (1) Eristalis nemorum, L.: (2) E. arbustorum, L., 
both species s. and f.p., ab. B. Lepidoptera —Iphopalaanas (3) Vanessa artic . 
L., s. ©. Hymenoptera—Apide: (4) Celioxys simplex, Nyl. 9, s. 
Aster alpinus, L.—I have found this plant on the Alps visited 
by two beetles, two flies, two bees, and thirty-six Lepidoptera (609). — 
219, ASTER AMELLUS, L. (Haarhausen, in Thuringia).—I found 
the flowers (Sept. 18, 1871) visited by Hristalis arbustorum, L., in 
considerable numbers to feed on the pollen. 
Erigeron alpinus, L.—The ligulate marginal florets are female 
only; between them and the hermaphrodite florets of the disk isa 
zone of female florets which secrete no honey, and in which the ~ 
teeth and the wide throat of the corolla is not developed ; in these 
two classes of female florets the style is devoid of sweeping-hairs. 
In Erigeron uniflorus, L., the intermediate zone of tubular female 
florets is absent (609). 
220. CoNYZA SQUARROSA, L. :— 
Visitors: Hymenoptera—-(a) Apide: (1) Halictus quadricinctus, F. 2? g, 
c.p. ands.; (2) H. flavipes, F. ¢; (3) H. morio, F. ¢; (4) H. leucopus, K. 9; — 
(5) H. longulus, Sm. ¢; (6) H. leucozonius, Schr. ¢; (7) H. cylindricus, F. ~ 
6; (8) H. maculatus, Sm.? ¢; (9) H. albipes, F. ¢, all in great abundance, — 
the ¢s., the 9 s. and c.p. ; (10) Nomada Solidaginis, Pz. 9, s.; (b) Sphegide : 
(11) Ganvseys labiata, F. 2. 
221. CHRysocoma LinosyRis, L. (Thuringia, near Haarhausen). 
—All the florets in the capitulum are alike; those at the edge are 
merely slightly curved outwards. Radiating marginal florets are — 
useless and therefore absent, for the same reason as in the case of 
Tanacetum. The golden-yellow surface formed by the conjunction 
of many capitula is conspicuous enough to attract insects from a 
considerable distance. When near at hand, capitula in the first 
(male) stage (Fig. 111, 1) are more conspicuous than those in the - 
second (female) stage; for in the former the teeth of the corolla, 
which are 3 mm, long, are widely outspread, but afterwards they 
become more and more erect. So insects are induced to visit the 
capitula in the proper order. ; 
o>. 
; 
i 
