338 HE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [parr iit, 
Cynaree 1 is brought about, according to Rathay,! by loss and gain 
of fluid in a layer of sclerenchyma in the involucral bracts. — : 
Visitors in Low Germany: A. ye : (1) Bombus 
lapidarius, L. ¢; (2) B. confusus, Schenck, ¢; (3) B. silvarum, L. go; (4) 
B. agrorum, F. ¢; (5) B. muscorum, F. 6; (6) B. terrestris, L. ¢; (7) 
B. rupestris, L. ¢,all very-freq., s., sometimes spending the night in the thistle- 
heads ; various males of Halictus, the most frequent being (8) H. cylindricus, 
F.g5 ‘and (9) H. quadricinctus, F. ¢. B. Coleoptera—Curculionide : (10) 
Larinus senilis, F. For og visitors, see No. 609. 
242, PiSesik VULGARIS, L. (Thuringia, end of August and 
beginning of September 1869) :— 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera-——(a) Apide : (1) Bombus lapidarius, L. ¢ ; (2) 
B. terrestris, L. ¢; (3) Halictus cylindricus, F. ¢, very freq. ; (4) H. pe 
cinctus, F. ¢; (5) Megachile cireumcincta, K. 9; (6) M. lagopoda, K. g, 
(only once !) ; (7) Celioxys quadridentata, L. 9; (8) C. acuminata, Nyl. 2; 
(b) Sphegide: (9) Ceropales maculata, F. 9, all sucking. See also No. 
590, IIL. | 
243, Arctium (LAppA) Minus, D.C.—The throat of the corolla 
is 3 mm. long, with erect, triangular teeth only 1 mm. long; it 
becomes filled with honey often more than half way up. The — 
branches of the style, which are little over 1 mm. long, are covered 
over the whole inner surface with colourless stigmatic papille, and 
on the violet outer surface with short, sharp hairs, directed obliquely 
upwards ; these hairs are continued a short distance below the — 
bifurcation of the style and terminate in a ring of longer hairs — 
(cf. Hild. 357, p. 45, pl. v., fig. 32). The style emerges from the — 
anther-cylinder as far as a point 1 to 2 mm. below the ring of — 
longer hairs, and spreads its two stigmatic branches widely apa 
Self-fertilisation can scarcely occur. 
Visitors : (1) Bombus agrorum, L. §, s. ; (2) Halictus longulus, Sm. oe 
See also No. 590, 111. 
244, ArctTiuM (LAPPA) TOMENTOSUM, Lam. 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—A pide : (1) Apis mellifica, L. $ , very ab., s. and 
c.p.; (2) Bombus agrorum, F.§ ¢,s.; (3) B. campestris, Pz. ¢,s. ; (4) B. silvarum, 
L. 9,8. ; (5) Megachile centuncularis, L. 9,8. B. Lepidoptera—Noctue : 
Plusia gamma, L., s., ab. 
_ 245, CARDUUS CRISPUS, L.—The expanded throat of the corolla 
is 24 to 3 mm. long, and the linear, very slightly divergent segments: 
* Siteungsber. der Akad, der Wissenschaft, Berlin, vol, 1xxxiii. May, 1881. 
