PART III. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 343 
249, Cnicus (CIRSIUM) OLERACEUS, L, 
: _ Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—Apide: (1) Apis mellifica, L. 8, 5. ; (2) 
Bombus, s. B. Lepidoptera—Noctue : (3) Euclidia glyphica, L.,s. See also 
i. No. 609. 
. 
I have not investigated the flowers closely. 
250. CNICUS LANCEOLATUS, Scop.—The chief difference be- 
- tween the flowers of this species and of C. arvensis is that here the 
honey is much less accessible. For not only are the narrow tubes 
of the florets, and accordingly the involucre also, much longer 
(16 to 18 mm.), which has no effect on the accessibility of the 
honey ; but the throat, in whose base the honey collects, is also 
- much longer (4 to 6 mm. against 1 to 1} in C. arvensis), From 
_ this cause the variety of insect-visitors is greatly limited ; but the 
flowers are all the more diligently visited by long-proboscised bees, 
especially humble-bees. 
P Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apidew: (1) Apis mellifica, L. % ;. (2) 
 Bombus terrestris, L. § ¢; (3) B. agrorum, F. § ¢ ; (4) B. lapidarius, L. 
% g (as late as Oct. 9, 1869 !), all four ab.,s.; (5) B. campestris, Pz. ¢, s. ; 
_ (6) Megachile maritima, K. 2, cp. ; (b) Vespide : (7) Polistes gallica, L., and 
var. diadema, freq. (s.?). B. Diptera—Syrphide : (8) Eristalis tenax, L. ; (9) 
E. arbustorum, L. ; (10) E. nemorum, L., all three f.p. and s., very ab. (as 
late as Oct. 13, 1874). C.- Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera : (11) Pieris brassice, L., 
 ab., s. ; (12) Hesperia sp.,s, See also No. 590, 111, and No. 609. 
251. CNICUS ERIOPHORUS, Scop., is visited very abundantly in 
Thuringia by Megachile lagopoda, K. 9 4,8. and c.p. On the Alps 
I have found it visited by humble-bees and by various Fritillaries 
- (Argynnis) (600). 
252. CNICUS OCHROLEUCUS, All., has yellowish-white flowers, 
and is also visited on the Alps by lambletheds and nich oe Sipe 
__-:253. Cnicus PALustRIs, Scop., stands, in regard to the ac- 
- cessibility. of its honey and the variety of its insect-visitors, 
between ©. lanceolatus and C. arvensis. The throat is 24 mm. 
i long (in C. arvensis 1 to 14, in C. lanceolatus 4 to 6); in all other 
- points the flowers of these three species are alike in structure. 
‘Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide: (1) Apis mellifica, L. o , very 
| freq. s. ; (2) Bombus lapidarius, L. § a; c.p. and s. ; (3) B. pratorum, L. $, 
) s.; (4) B. vestalis, Foure. @, s.; (5) B. Rajellus, Ill. 3, s.; (6) Andrena 
| - Coitana, K, 9,s.; (7) A. Gwynana, K.g, s. ; (8) Halictus eylindricus, F.? ¢, 
= 
hi 
