350 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [parr 11, 
(in Thuringia), while I have met with C. Jacea in most of my 
excursions in summer. a 
Visitors (in Thuringia): A. Hymenoptera—Apide : (1) Apis mellifica, L, 
%,s., ab.; (2) Bombus lapidarius, L. ¢; (3) B. terrestris, L. g; (4) B. mus. 
corum, F. $ ¢, cp. and s.; (5) B. agrorum, F. 4; (6) B. silvarum, L. ¢; 
(7) B. confusus, Schenck, ¢; (8) B. rupestris, F. 9; (9) Halictus quadri- 
cinctus, F. 2 ¢, very ab., alls. ; (10) H. maculatus, Sm. ¢, e.p. ; (11) Mega- 
chile ligniseca, K. ¢ ; (12) Osmia enea, L. 3, s. ; (13) O. spinulosa, K. 2, CP. 5 
(14) Anthidium manicatum, L. ¢, s. B. Diptera—(a) Syrphide : (15 
Eristalis nemorum, L. ; (6) Muscide: (16) Trypeta cornuta, F.C. Lepi- 
doptera—(a) Rhopalocera: (17) Satyrus Janira, L. ; (18) Meliteea Athalia, 
Esp. ; (0) Sphinges: (19) Zygeena carniolica, Scop. D. Coleoptera— Chryso- 
melide : (20) Cryptocephalus sericeus, L. E. Hemiptera—(21) Capsus sp., s. 
See also No. 590, m1. Thirty-eight Alpine visitors (two Coleoptera, two Diptera, 
twelve Apide, twenty-two Lepidoptera) are given in my Alpenblumer 
(No. 609). | 
259. CeNTAUREA CyaNnus, L. (Fig. 115, 5)—In this species 
also, the marginal florets serve only to attract insects, but they de 
so in a more effectual way than in C. Scabiosa, for they are la 
and infundibuliform and radiate outwards, extending the blue 
surface of the capitulum from 20 to 50 mm. in diameter, and_ 
making it also conspicuous in side view. The honey is more easily 
accessible, for above the narrow tubular part of the floret, which is 
5 to 6 mm. long, the wider part is only 3 mm. long to the place — 
where it divides into linear segments. In this species the simul- 
taneous fertilisation of numerous florets goes on to a very sligh 
extent ; for the florets of the disk are not numerous, and their anther 
cylinders project at wide intervals. I have never seen the 
irritability of the stamens more distinctly shown in any other 
Composite. In flowers which I had allowed to develop in my room — 
until the superior valvular appendages of the anthers hac 
separated of themselves, the filaments contracted when I touched 
them so much that the anther-cylinder was drawn down to an _ 
extent of 2 to 3 mm. very quickly, and then more slowly to an ex-_ 
tent of 5 to 6 mm.; in a few seconds a mass of pollen emerged 
from the superior orifice of the anther-cylinder, and then graduall 
the style protruded 3 to 4 mm. above the same orifice. In th 
natural condition, I never succeeded in obtaining such distine 
action on touching the filaments, doubtless because the filament 
had almost always been touched by insects before they had reached 
the full amount of tension. | 
3 
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Visitors ; A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apidw: (1) Apis mellifica, L. $, ab., s 3 
