352 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III, 
exception fertile. The anther- cylinder protrudes 2 to 3 mm, 
from the tube, and the style 1} to 2 mm. beyond the anther-eylinder, : 
The outer surface of the projecting portion of the style is covered 
with pany hairs at wide intervals. The stigmatic branches are 
only + mm. long, and are closely set with papillz on their inner 
surfaces; they separate widely, and bring their papille vooulell , 
in contact with the pollen if insect-visitors have not removed it 
from the hairs. 
ape Scheie wee, (1) Eristalis arbustorum, L. ; 2) E. nemo- 
rum, L. ; (3) E. sepulcralis, L., all three species f.p., not abundant. See also 
No. 590, III. 
262. PIcRIS HIERACIOIDES, L.—The capitulum is composed of 
forty-four to seventy-five florets, which increase in size from the cen- 
tre towards the circumference; itexpands insunshine to form a yelloy 
disk 24 to 36 mm. in diameter, in dull weather it closes up till it 
diameter is scarcely 7 mm. In each floret the tube is 4 to 6 mm. long 
and the limb 8 to 12 mm. long. The stem is branched, and nearly 
three feet high ; it bears numerous capitula, so that the whole plant 
is very conspicuous. The honey rises into the upper and wider part 
of the tube, and is therefore accessible to very short-lipped insects. 
The anther-cylinder projects 5 mm. beyond the tube, and the style: 
2} to 3} mm. beyond the anther-cylinder ; so that most insect-visitors 
creep rather among than over the styles, and convey the pollen 
rather with the hairs on their sides than with those on their under 
surfaces; but bees with’ abdominal collecting apparatus are é 
found upon the flowers. 
The sweeping-hairs and the stigmatic papille are distribute a d 
as in the other Cichoriacese (cf. Figs. 116, 117). The stigmati 
branches usually spread apart as in other cases, but in several in= 
stances I have seen the left bent over towards the right, and th 
right towards the left, so close together that the stigmatic papillé 
of the one were brushed by the pollen-holding hainas of the other. 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide: (1) Panurgus calearatus, Sco | 
?4,¢p. ands. ab. ; (2) Rhophites (Dufourea) vulgaris, Schenck, 9, ab., ¢ 
scarce, 8. and c.p. (Thur. Wald); (3) Halictus zonulus, Sm. 2; (4) H. leuec ; 
zonius, Schr. 9; (5) H. sexnotatus, K. 9 ¢; (6) H. maculatus, Sm. 9; ( ) 
H. cylindricus, F., ¢; (8) H. quadricinctus, F. ¢; (9) H. rubicundus, Chr, 
¢; (10) H. nitidinamiine i, d; (11) H. albipes, F. ¢; (12) H. longulus, 
Sm. 94; (13) H. minutus, K. 9 ¢; (14) H. Smeathmanellus, K. 9, most 
of these species in great numibers, the gs, the 9 cp. and s.; (15) Heriads 
truncorum, L, 9, ¢.p. ; (16) Osmia spinuload K. 9,¢.p. (Thur.); (0) Sphegide 
(17) Crabro sexcinetus, vy. d. L. 9. B. Diptera—(a) Empide : (18) Empi 1 
