358 | THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART 
If sufficient insects visit the flower in time to remove the pollen 
from the sweeping-hairs before the stigmatic surfaces appear, 
fertilisation is alone possible. If insect-visitors only come when 
the branches of the style have begun to separate, then the possibility 
of self-fertilisation by insect agency is not excluded. Even in absence 
of insects, self-fertilisation seems to be not impossible, since when 
the stigmas separate their edges curve outwards, and their papi 
may easily come in contact with pollen still upon the hairs. 
Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide : (1) Apis mellifica, L. §,s.; (2) Bom- 
bus lapidarius, L. $, s. ; (3) Dasypoda hirtipes, F. 2, scrambling very rapidly 
over the capitulum, sucking a few florets, and then flying away to another (the 
enormously long hairs of the hindlegs carry huge balls of yellow pollen) ; (4 
Panurgus calcaratus, Scop., s. and c.p. ; (5) Andrena fulvicrus, K. ?, ep. ; (6 
Halictus leucozonius, Schr. 9, s. and c.p. ; (7) H. leucopus, K. 2 ; (8) H. longulus 
Sm. 2, both species c.p. and s.; (9) H. Smeathmanellus, K. ¢ ; (10) H 
morio, F. ¢; (11) H. maculatus, Sm. ¢ ;. (12) H. cylindricus, F. ¢, 9—12s. 
(13) Diphysis serratulee, Pz. 2 ¢, scarce, s. ; (14) Prosopis armillata, Nyl. ¢,s. 
(b) Sphegide : (15) Pompilus viaticus, L.,s. B. Diptera—(a) Syrphide: (16) 
Syrphus pyrastri, L., ab. ; (17) 8. balteatus, Deg. ; (18) 8. nitidicollis, Mgn. 
(19) Melithreptus teeniatus, Mgn. ; (20) Volucella bombylans, L. ; (21) Eriste 
sepulcralis, L., ab. ; (22) E. arbustorum, L., very ab. (as late as Oct. 13) ; (23) 
E. tenax, L., ab., all both f.p. and s. ; (6) Conopide : (24) Sicus ferrugineus, L., 8. 
(c) Bombylide : (25) Systeechus sulfureus, F., s. ; (d) Muscide: (26) Sa 
phaga carnaria, L., s. only. C. Lepidoptera— (a) Rhopalocera: (27) Co 
hyale, L. (Thur.) s. ; (b) Noctuew ; (28) Plusia gamma, L. (as late as Oct. 14),8 
See also No. 590, III. z 
272. LEONTODON HASTILIS, L. (Koch) :— 
Visitors: A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide: (1) Bombus Barbutellus, K. 2 
8.; (2) B. pratorum, L. 9, s. and c.p.; (3) Andrena fulvescens, Sm. 9, s. ¢ n¢ 
¢.p., dusting itself very thickly with pollen (Méhnethal) ; (4) A. Coitana, K 
2,8. and c.p. (Sauerland) ; (5) Halictus villosulus, K. 9, ¢.p., ab.; (6) He 
leucozonius, Schr. 9, c.p.; (7) H. cylindricus, F. 2, c.p., ab. ; (8) H. albipes 
F. 2 (obovatus, K.), cp. ; (9) H. Smeathmanellus, K. 9, cp.; (0) Yen 
thredinide : (10) Tenthredo sp., s, B. Diptera—(a) Bombylide: (11) Sys 
teechus sulfureus, Mikan, s. (Sld.); (6) Syrphide: (12) Cheilosia sp. ; (13 
Melithreptus teniatus, Meig., f.p. and s. (its stomach was quite full of a yelloy 
mass of honey mixed with poets (14) Volucella pellucens, L., s., freq. (Sld.) 5 
(15) Sericomyia lappona, L., s. (Sld.) ; (16) Eristalis horticola, Deg., fp. ant 
8, (Sld.), ab. ; (17) E. arbustorum, L., f.p. and s., very ab. ; (c) Conopide : (18) 
aie ierrugineus, L., s. C. Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera : (19) Hesperia silvanu: 
sp., 8. 
278. LEoNTODON (THRINCIA) HIRTUS, L.:— 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—A pide : (1) Bombus confusus, Schenck, 3» & 
(2) Panurgus calcaratus, Seop. 9 g, op. ands, ab. ; (8) Rhophites vuls 
