parrut)] THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 361 
In each 100 visitors there are therefore— 
Apide \sgediigkings Diptera. {Other Insects 
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275. SONCHUS OLERACEUS, L. :— 
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Visitors: A. Diptera—Syrphide: (1) Syrphus balteatus, Deg., fp. ; (2) 
 §. arcuatus, Fall. ; (3) Eristalis arbustorum, L. ; all three species s. and f.p. 
_ B. Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera : (4) Pieris brassice, L., s. 
| 
276. SoNCHUS ARVENSIS, L. :— 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—Apide : (1) Apis mellifica, L. §, s. and c.p., very 
_ ab., it dusts itself over and over with pollen ; (2) Bombussp., s. ; (3) Panurgus 
_ calearatus, Scop. 2? gd, s. and cp., very ab.; (4) P. Banksianus, K. ? ¢, 
 searcer ; (5) Halictus quadricinctus, F. ?, cp. ; (6) H. rubicundus, Chr. ?, 
c.p. and s. ; (7) H. flavipes, F. 2, c.p.; (8) H. lugubris, K. ¢,s.; (9) Nomada 
varia, Pz. 2,8. ; (10) Megachile centuncularis, L. 9, ¢.p. and s.; (11) Osmia 
‘spinulosa, K. 2, ¢.p. ands. (Thur.) B. Diptera—(a) Syrphide : (12) Eristalis 
 tenax, L.; (13) E. arbustorum, L., both species s, and f.p., ab. ; (14) Cheilosia 
 &8p., fp. ; (b) Conopide : (15) Sicus ferrugineus, L., s. C. Lepidoptera—Rhopa- 
 locera : (16) Hesperia sp.,s. D. Coleoptera—(a) Curculionidae : (17) Spermo- 
_ phagus cardui, Schh., very numerous ; (b) Malacodermata: (18) Malachius 
Di sp.; f.p. 1 . 
___} The following additional Composites are discussed in my Alpenblumen (609) :— 
_ Achillea atrata, L., A. macrophylla, 1.., A. moschata, Wlf., A. nana, L., Adeno- 
pyle albifrons, Rehb., A. alpina, Bl. et Fing., A. hybrida, D.C., Aronicum Clusii, 
All., Aster alpinus, L., Bellidiastrum Michelii, Cass., Carduus Personata, Jacq., 
— Centaurea Mureti, Jord., C. nervosa, Willd., C. phrygia, L., Chrysanthemum alpinum, 
_ L., C. coronopifolium, Vill., Cnicus heterophyllus, All., C. spinosissimus, Scop., 
_ Crepis aurea, Cass., Gnaphalium dioicum, L., G. Leontopodiwm, Scop., Hieraciwm 
| albidum, L., H. aurantiacum, L., H. Auricula, L., H. glanduliferum, Vill., H. 
| staticifolium, Vill., H. villosum, L., Hypocheris uniflora, .Vill., Lactuca perennis, 
__L., Lappa major, Gartn., Mulgedium alpinum, Cass., Saussurea alpina, D.C., 
_ Senecio abrotanifolius, L., S. carniolicus, Willd., S. cordatus, Koch., S. Doronicum, 
L., S. nebrodensis, L. 
In addition to these, the following are treated in my Weitere Beobachtungen, pt. 
ul. :—Bidens cernua, L., Inula britannica, L., I. Heleniuwm, L., 1. hirta, L., Petasites 
officinalis, Ménch., Prenanthes muralis, L., P. purpurea, L., Senecio silvaticus, L., 
S. viscosus, L., Silybum Marianum, L., Sonchus asper, Vill. 
Besides all these, Hildebrand in his Geschlechtsverhdltnisse bei den Compositen (357) 
_ treats of the following :—Agathea, <Arctotis, Cacalia, Calendula, Cryptostemma, 
_ Dahlia, Doronicum, Gazania, Jurinea alata, Liatris, Melampodium divaricatum, 
_ Senecio populifolius. Silphium doronicifolium, Telekia, Vernonia, Xeranthemum, - 
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