PART III. ] THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 363 
INsECT- VISITORS OF CoMMON COMPOSITES AND UMBELLIFERS. 
; 5 Percentages. 
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ComposiT& 
| Taraxacum officinale eis «. | 98 7 58 21 7 75 | 62:5 | 22°6 74 
Cirsium arvense ... ae oa 88 7 82 24 25 79 | 8674 | 27°38 | 28°4 
Achillea Millefolium Rae 87 6 80 21 80 || 69 34°5 | 24°1 | 34d 
Chrysanthemum ideaithacoties 72 5 12 28 27 || 69 16°6 | 38°9 | 37°5 
Centaurea Jacea ... ee aul | ae 13 28 6 1 27 58°7 | 12°5 2 
Cardius acanthoides ai wists OM 4 82 3 5 |, 91 72°7 6°8 | 11:3 
Senecio Jacobuwa ... aie bel 40 8 16 18 3 75 | 40 | 45 75 
Picris hieracioides ... eae ate 29 8 16 9 1 10°38 | 65°2 31 3°4 
Tanacetum vulgare ane see | OF 5 7 7 8 || 185 | 25°9 | 25°9 | 29°6 
Eupatorium cannabinum... .. | 18 9 2 6 } 1 || 50 111 | 833 | 5°5 
UMBELLIFER. 
Heracleum Sphondylium... —... | 118 0 13 49 56 0 lle | 415 | 4774 
Agopodium Podagraria ... «xd, 1 08 0 15 84 55 6 14°4 | 826] 52:9 
Anthriseus silvestris sae so | 28 0 5 26 42 0 68 | 35°6 | 57°5 
Daucus Carota ue wee ee |G 2 8 19 32 3°38 | 1381 | 811) 525 
Carum Carni sis tie wnat, 20D 1 9 21 24 1°8 | 16°4 | 882] 48°6 
Anethum graveolens 2 nea 46 0 6 15 25 0 13 82°6 | 54°3 
Sium latifolium ... oa ae 82 0 0 20 12 0 0 625 | 87°56 
Angelica silvestris .. eas seo | 80 1 2 11 16 33 66 | 866 | 53°83 
Cherophyllum temulum ... owe | 28 0 1 10 12 0 4°38 | 48:5 | 62°2 
Pimpinella Saxifraga whe ae 1228 0 8 8 12 0 13 84°8 | 52°2 
This table shows clearly :— 
1. That many Umbelliferz are not visited at all by Lepidoptera, 
and the others to a small extent only; while the Composites are 
regularly visited by Lepidoptera, and in some cases (Lupatorium) 
depend mainly upon them. .Of the ten Umbelliferz, three only 
are shown to be visited by Lepidoptera, which in no case exceed 
3°5 per cent. of the insect-visitors; and I can testify that even 
these few species are not regular but only exceptional guests. Of 
the ten Composite, all are visited by some Lepidoptera (7 to 50 
per cent.), and these are among their regular visitors. Hupatoriwm 
I have found to be visited ‘by very numerous Lepidopters be- 
longing to nine species. 
2. Bees are among the visitors of almost all Umbelliferze ; but 
they only amount to a small number of species (under 16 per cent.), 
and to a still smaller percentage of individuals. They belong 
almost entirely to those genera which are either the least or the 
most adapted for obtaining honey (cf. p. 287). On the other 
hand, the flowers of Composite, richer in honey and in pollen, 
attract far more species of bees of the most various genera; so 
that in these ten Composite of my table, bees form 11 to 72 per 
