364 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART IIL. | 
cent. of the whole number of species, and a still larger proportion 
of the individual visitors, and owing to their diligence they are of 
even greater importance in the work of fertilisation than this 
percentage directly indicates. 
3. Diptera, and short-lipped insects of other orders (especially - 
Hymenoptera and Coleoptera), form a considerable percentaze of 
the species of visitors in both families, but more so in the case of 
Umbelliferee than of Composite. In the ten Composites the 
number of Dipterous visitors varies from 6 to 45, in the ten Um- 
bellifers from 31 to 62, per cent. Similarly, the percentage of 
short-lipped visitors of other orders varies in these Composites 
from 2 to 37, in the Umbellifers from 37 to 57, per cent. Diptera 
and short-lipped insects of other orders taken together make in 
the Composite 14 to 76, in the Umbelliferze 83 to 100 per cent. 
In the face of this evidence, it is unnecessary to discuss 
Delpino’s statement (178, 180) that the Composite are fertilised 
almost exclusively by bees. 
Orv. STYLIDIE LZ. 
The plants of this order, according to Delpino (who examined — 
only dried specimens), are markedly proterandrous and are evidently 
fertilised by insects (178). 
Orv. GOODENOVIEZ. 
In the plants of this order the style ends in a collecting-cup, 
which receives the pollen while still in the bud and then closes up, — 
leaving only a narrow opening for the most part covered by hairs. 
At the same time it bends down to stand in the mouth of the 
almost horizontal flower, so that insect-visitors come in contact 
with the hairs and dust themselves with a little of the powdery 
pollen. As the stigmatic lobes grow up in the cup they keep forcing 
fresh pollen into the narrow slit, and finally emerge by it themselves, 
and then receive the pollen of younger flowers from insect-visitors — 
(178, 360, 550). The structure of the stigma in the different — 
genera (Goodenia, Scwvola, Velleia, Calogyne, Dampiera, Lesche- 
naultia) is very variable, as Bentham shows in an interesting 
paper (84). In Leschenaultia formosa, R. Br., the insect’s proboscis 
comes in contact with the lower lip of the pollen-cup, thus opening — 
it and dusting itself with pollen; in the next flower it places this — 
pollen on the stigmatic surface which. lies outside. the cart : 
(Darwin, No. 162), 
