parti] § THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 407 
_ 298. EryTHra#aA CrnTAURIUM, L.—I, like Sprengel, have 
failed to find any honey in this flower, though I have seen it 
repeatedly visited by Lepidoptera, and though the spiral twisting 
of the stamens (like the twisting of the stigma in several Silenew 
fertilised by Lepidoptera) seems to be an adaptation to insure their 
_ being touched by the thin proboscis of these insects. Probably 
_ the insect pierces some soft tissue with the sharp points at the tip 
_ of its proboscis. 
Visitors : Lepidoptera—(a) Sphinges: On July 10, 1868, in Thuringia, I 
saw Macroglossa stellatarum, L., sucking first on Dianthus Carthusianorum 
and then on Z. Centaurium ; (b) Noctue: On Sept. 1, 1871, at Lippstadt, my 
_ son Hermann saw (2) Plusia gamma, L., and (3) Agrotis pronuba, L., freq. 
_ sucking persistently on flowers of this plant. An additional list, including five 
_ Lepidoptera, three bees, and one Empis, is given in No. 599, r11. 
Mr. A. 8. Wilson found this plant heterostyled and with 
_ dimorphic pollen-grains (780). 
= Limnanthemum (Kuhn, No. 399) and Villarsia (=Limnanthemum 
_ Humboldtianum, Fritz Miiller, No. 550) are dimorphic (Darwin, 
No. 167, p. 116). 
Menyanthes trifoliata, L., is well known to be dimorphic. In 
a small marsh near Lippstadt, sometimes flooded by the Lippe, 
which probably brought the seeds, I have found the long-styled 
4 form only ; and I have never observed ripe fruit there. 
Orv. POLEMONIACEZ. 
 Cobea pendulitora is fertilised by Sphingide: (226), C. scandens, 
Cav., by humble-bees (52). 
Collomia grandiflora (Dougl.), Lindl., has cleistogamic flowers 
(423, 424, 685). 
s 
s 
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; 
299. PHLOX PANICULATA, L.—Sprengel recognised the pro- 
_ terandrous condition of this flower, and found it to be visited by 
_ butterflies. I have seen Conops flavipes, L., sucking honey, and 
Hristalis tenax, L., very frequently eating pollen on the flowers. 
Polemonium carulewm, L., is likewise proterandrous. - Sprengel 
overlooked the dichogamous panded 4 in this plant, but Axell (17) 
_ figures the proterandrons flowers.? 
The honey is secreted in this species and i in Phlox paniculata by 
_ the lower fleshy part of the ovary. 
=, 2 eee also my Alpenblumen, pp. 257-259, fig. 97, and | Weitere Beobachtungen, 11. 
pp. 8 
