420 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III, 
A. Hymenoptera—(a) Apide: (1) Apis mellifica, L. 9, very ab., s. ; (2) 
Bombus silvarum, L. ? %,s. and sometimes also c.p. ; (3) B. lapidarius, L. 
286; (4) B. agrorum, F. 9 $; (5) B. hortorum, L. 9 $ ¢; (6) B. terrestris, 
L. 2 ¢; (7) B. muscorum, F. §; (8) B. pratorum, L. 9; (9) B. Rajellus, Il. 
®; (10) B. hypnorum, L. $; (11) B. (Apathus) rupestris, F. 9; (12) B. ves- 
talis, Fourc. 2; (13) B. campestris, Pz. 9 ¢; (14) B. Barbutellus, K. 9; all 
these thirteen species of humble-bees are more or less abundant, especially the 
first five, all only suck, except B. silvarum ; (15) Anthophora quadrimaculata, 
F. 9 ¢ (Thur.),s. and c.p., ab. ; (16) A. furcata, Pz. 2 ¢ (Thur.), s. and cp. ; 
(17) Saropoda bimaculata, Pz. 2 ¢, very ab., s.; (18) Melecta luctuosa, Scop. 
? (Thur.) ; (19) Eucera longicornis, L. ¢; (20) Andrena fulvicrus, K. ¢; 
(21) A. albicrus, K. ¢; (22) <A. labialis, K. ¢5; (23) Halictus nitidus, 
Schenck, 2; (24) H. albipes, F. ¢; (25) H. cylindricus, F. 9 ¢; (6) H 
‘sexnotatus, K. 2 ; Nos. 18—25 alls. ; (27) H. nitidiusculus, K. 9, c.p. ;. (28) 
Nomada sexfasciata, Pz. 9, s.; (29) Ceratina coerulea, Vill. 2, s.; (30) 
Megachile Willughbiella, K. ¢,s. ; (81) M. circumcincta, K. 9,8. and cp. ; 
(32) Diphysis serratule, Pz. 9 ¢, s. and e.p., very ab.; (33) Osmia fusca, 
Christ. (bicolor, Schrank) 9, s. and c.p. ; (34) O. enea, L. 9 6 ,s.and ep. ; (35) 
O. ceementaria, Gerst. 9 ¢,¢.p. and s., very abundant in Thuringia and Sena 
land, building its nests in the cavities of stones, and feeding the young exclusively 
on honey and pollen of Echium ; (36) O. adunca, Latr. 2 ¢, very ab., also 
feeding its young exclusively on honey and pollen of Echium ; (37) O. leu- 
comelena, K. 9, cp. ; (38) O. rufa, L. 9, 8.; (89) Coelioxys quadridentata, 
L. ot conica, L.) 9 ¢,8., ab. ; (40) C. conoidea, Ill. (punctata, Lep.), 2, s. ; 
(41) C. simplex, Nyl. 9, s.; (42) C. umbrina, Sm. 9,5s., (43) Chelostoma 
nigricorne, Nyl. ¢ 2,8. ; (44) Stelis pheoptera, K. 2, 8. ; (45) St. breviuscula, 
N. ¢, s.; (46) Prosopis hyalinata, Sm. 9, s.; (b) Sphegide: (47) Crabro 
patellatus, v. d. L. 9 ¢; (48) Ammophila sabulosa, L. 2; (49) Psammophila 
affinis, K. 9, all three s.; (c) Vespidw: (50) Odynerus parietum, L. ¢, s. ; 
(d) Chryside: (51) Cleptes semiaurata, F., s. ; all the short-lipped Hymeno- 
ptera creep bodily into the flower to reach the honey. B. Diptera—(a) Syrphide : 
(52) Rhingia rostrata, L., s.; (53) Helophilus trivittatus, F., fp. ; (64) Syrphus__ 
pyrastri, L., fip.; (55) S. arcuatus, Fall., fp. ; (56) Melanostoma ambigua, 
Fall., fp. ; (b) Conopide : (57) Physocephala vittata, F.,s. C. Lepidoptera— — 
(a) Rhopalocera: (58) Satyrus Janira, L.; (59) Pieris brassice, L.; (60). 
Lyczena sp.; (61) Hesperia sylvanus, Esp. ; (62) Colias hyale, L. (Thur.) ;— 
(63) Meliteea cinxia, L.; (b) Sphinges: (64) Zygena lonicere, Esp. (Thur.) 5 
(65) Macroglossa stellatarum, L. ; (c) Noctue: (66) Plusia gamma, L., ab., all 
sucking. D, Coleoptera—(67) Cidemera virescens, L., crept far into the flower, 
and seemed to reach the honey. A further list of visitors in Low Germany is 
given in No. 590, 1. A list of Alpine visitors (seventeen bees, five Lepido- 
ptera) is given in No. 609, p. 262. 
A review of this long list of insects, many of which frequent the — 
flowers of Echium in great numbers, shows that the great majority _ 
come seeking honey, and only use the stamens. as a landing-place. — 
The females of bees with abdominal collecting-brushes, without 
any special effort, sweep up pollen with their abdominal brushes, 
filling them after a few visits. The flower is thus so convenient 
