458 _ THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [part 111. 
adapted solely for Lepidoptera; but it is much visited by humble- 
bees, who force open the flower to steal the pollen, and sometimes, 
but less frequently, the honey (570, 609). 
Tozzia alpina, L.—The bright yellow flowers are visited by 
numerous flies. Stigma and anthers ripen simultaneously. At 
first the stigma stands far in front of the anthers, but afterwards 
the growth of the corolla carries forward the stamens until the 
anthers lie well in front of the stigma (609). 
Fig. 157.—Rhinanthus Alectorolophus, Poll. 
A.—Flower, in longitudinal section, after removal of the calyx. 
B.—Upper part of a flower, from which the right half of the corolla has been removed. 
C.—Ditto, viewed from the front. 
D.—Ditto, after removal of the lower lip. (x 34.) 
hth, aperture for humble-bee’s proboscis ; fth, aperture for butterfly’s tongue. 
nN, nectary ; ov, ovary ; st, stigma. 
(St. Gertrud, July 22, 1875). 
335. MELAMPYRUM PRATENSE, L.—The contrivance by which 
the pollen is shed in Melampyrum is again different from all the 
foregoing ; for here all the four anthers lie close together and form 
a single pollen-reservoir, which is opened by touching the pointed 
appendage borne by each anther-lobe. The flower exhibits several 
other remarkable peculiarities. Honey is secreted by the base of 
the ovary, which expands opposite the under lip into a white, round, 
fleshy body, on each side of which runs a honey-secreting groove. 
The abundant honey fills 2 to 3 mm. of the tube, which is 14 
to 15 mm. long, and stands horizontally ; it is protected from rain 
by a ring of hairs, pointing forwards and placed immediately in 
front of it. In order to suck the honey in the normal way, and 
without thrusting its head into the tube, an insect must have a 
proboscis 14 to 15 mm. long; so that the greater number of our 
humble-bees are excluded. But at its anterior end, for 4 to 
