466 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
Pinguicula alpina, L.—The structure of the flower is similar, but 
the stigma, instead of folding up by its own irritability, is pushed 
upwards by the retreating insect (Hildebrand, 356). <A fly, forcing 
its way into the pale yellow flower, rubs against the stigma with 
its back and dusts it with pollen from another flower. It now tries 
to move upwards, as far as possible, to free itself from certain stiff 
hairs directed obliquely backwards on the inferior wall of the 
corolla, and in doing so it dusts its back with fresh pollen (589, 
p. 334; 609). Some flies, which are large enough to get caught 
firmly but not strong enough to make their escape, are held fast 
and perish. 
Pingwicula lusitanica, L., is self-fertilismg (Henslow). 
Pinguicula vulgaris, L.—Axell gives a figure and description 
of the flower, which agree with Hildebrand’s account (17). This 
species is adapted for bees (609). 3 
Orv. GESNERACE Z£. 
The flowers are markedly proterandrous (172, 178, 632). 
Orv. BIGNONIACE ZL. 
Bignonia, L.—The flowers are proterandrous. The lobes of 
the stigma are touched first by an insect-visitor, and therefore get 
dusted with pollen from a previously-visited flower; they then 
close up immediately, before pollen from their own flower can 
reach them (178). 
Martynia, L. (Pedalinez), has a similar arrangement (172, 352). 
My brother Fritz Miiller fertilised a species of Bignonia (Cipo 
alho of the Brazilians) in South Brazil as follows :— 
(1) Twenty-nine flowers on two stocks with pollen of their own 
stock ; all fell off in a short time. 
(2) Thirty flowers on the same two stocks with pollen from 
others growing near by; only two flowers developed fully, but 
most remained longer upon the stem than in the previous case, 
and many showed a commencing enlargement of the ovary. 
(3) Five flowers on one stock with pollen from another growing 
at a distance ; all five were fruitful (551). 
Tecoma capensis, Lind., is visited and fertilised in Natal by 
honey-suckers and by small bees (233). -. . 
