480 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
is much less, and therefore the anther-lobes emerge much less from 
the upper lip; but the flowers form pendulous racemes and are 
therefore inverted, and accordingly the insects settle on the upper 
lip and are dusted with pollen ventrally by the slightly protruding 
anthers. In S. splendens (345, figs. 8 and 9) the inferior anther- 
lobes form simple lamellae (not bent inwards anteriorly), which 
coalesce with one another for almost their entire length. All 
these species agree in other respects in their floral mechanisms, 
and are all alike proterandrous. 
On the other hand, S. Grahami, Benth. (345, figs. 10-12), has 
homogamous flowers with a short style scarcely overtopping the an- 
thers ; in S. lanceolata (345, figs. 13-14), which is also homogamous, 
the inferior stigmatic lobe lies between the anthers, and exposed to 
self-fertilisation. In S. hirsuta (345, figs. 15-17), the inferior stigma 
is very broad, and recurved backwards so as to press against both 
anthers and regularly to effect self-fertilisation, which, according 
to Hildebrand’s experiments, is fully productive. 
347, SALVIA OFFICINALIS, L.—Sprengel described and figured 
the mechanism of this species also, noting its proterandrous con- 
dition, and he saw it visited by bees; but Hildebrand’s description 
(345) is much more thorough. The chief points in which this 
Fic. 163.—Salvia officinalis, L. 
Flower, after removal of the right half of the calyx and corolla. 
a—g, as in Fig. 162; h, nectary ; i, ovary ; k, abortive anther ; 1, hairs to guard the honey. 
species differs from S. pratensis are as follows: the two arms of 
each connective are much shorter, and the lower one is not 
metamorphosed into a lamella, blocking the entrance of the flower, 
but is formed like the upper, though smaller; it usually bears an 
anther-lobe filled with pollen, but always much smaller, and con- 
taining only a quarter, or at most half as much as the upper 
lobe: sometimes it is altogether abortive. In correspondence 
with the shortness of the upper arm of the connective, the upper 
lip is also short, but broad enough to protect the wide entrance of 
the flower from rain. Both anther-lobes of both stamens stand in 
the mouth of the flower, the superior slightly above and in front 
