506 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
and creeps upwards, Since the scattered pollen in part reaches the stigmas of 
the same or neighbouring plants, we have here anemophilous flowers fertilised 
also by insects.” (2) Bombus pratorum, L. §, c.p. ; (3) Small sp. of Halictus, busy 
about the anthers. B, Diptera—Syrphide : (4) ‘Melanostomns mellina, L., very 
ab., f.p.; (5) Syrphus ribesii, L., f.p., freq. ; (6) Volucella pellucens, Li: f.p. 
Whonevar I have examined bees acide on P. lanceolata I have always fotki 
numerous pollen-grains among the feathered hairs, See also No. 590, 111. 
Darwin found P. lanceolata to be gynodiccious in England 
(167). 
Plantago alpina, L.—The stigma does not wither until after 
the ripening of the anthers, so that the plant retains the power 
of self-fertilisation. The limb of the corolla, and sometimes the 
borders of the sepals, are red, which is perhaps an adaptation 
favouring insect-visits. The tendency towards homogamy is 
probably also brought about by insect-visits, as the insects come 
only for the sake of pollen, and therefore seek only flowers with 
ripe anthers (No. 6009, fig. 139). 
368. PLANTAGO MEDIA, L.—While I have been unable to find 
any trace of adaptation to insect-visits in the various forms of 
P. lanceolata, specimens of P, media which I have examined seem 
to show such traces in the reddish colouring of the filaments and 
the pleasant perfume of the plant. Nevertheless, in all the forms 
of this species the filaments are so long, thin, and freely motile, 
the anthers so broad, and the pollen-grains so smooth and dry, 
that wind-fertilisation can be effected very readily. P. media, 
therefore, is truly intermediate between the anemophilous and 
entomophilous conditions. 
In the neighbourhood of Lippstadt P. media exhibits variability 
such as Delpino describes in the case of P. lanceolata. It seems 
remarkable that the form A, which I have observed on dry sunny 
road-sides, is adapted in a less degree for insect-visits than the 
form 2B, which grows in more shady spots; but I must add that 
a form agreeing essentially with B, but much taller, grows on the 
sunny slopes of the canal-enbankment at Lippstadt, and is much 
visited by insects there. 
The form A has a scape 8 to 12 inches in length, and a spike 
about 40 mm. long, increasing during the flowering period to 
70 or 80 mm. The filaments, which are bent down slightly by the 
weight of the anthers, are white, and protrude for 7 to 9 mm. from 
the flower; the lobes of the corolla are acute and outspread ; the 
