PART III. | THE MECHANISMS OF FLOWERS. 555 
three glands in the angles of the ovary, but I have not been able 
to detect it (cf. W. J. Behrens, No. 51). 
Visitors : A. Hymenoptera—A pide : (1) Bombus terrestris, L. 2 ; (2) An- 
thophora pilipes, F. 2? ¢, ab. ; (3) Andrena fulva, Schrk. 9; (4) Osmia rufa, 
L. g, very ab., all sucking. B. Diptera—Syrphide : (5) Cheilosia sp. sucking 
in vain forhoney. C. Coleoptera—WNitidulide : (6) Meligethes, on the anthers 
in large numbers, apparently feeding on the pollen. See also No. 590, 1. 
Lloydia serotina, Rchb.—This plant shows an advance on the 
foregoing Liliacese in the possession of special nectaries, consisting 
of a thick ridge at the base and in the middle line of each segment 
of the perianth. The flower is proterandrous, but the stigma 
ripens simultaneously with the inner whorl of stamens; in some 
cases it stands on a level with their anthers, in others above them, 
so that self-fertilisation is possible or not respectively (609). 
Fic. 185.—Lilium Martagon, L. 
A.—Flower, in its natural position, seen from the side (natural size), 
B.—A petal (x 2). 
e, entrance into the nectary (n). 
Lilium Martagon, L., is adapted for cross-fertilisation by Sphin- 
gide ; Noctuide also assist in the work. The anthers and stigma 
ripen simultaneously, and are touched by the feet and under surface 
of theinsect. Self-fertilisation also occurs, as Sprengel found. The 
perfume of the flower begins to be emitted strongly at night 
(570, 590, I, 609). | 
Lilium bulbiferum, L., is adapted for fertilisation by diurnal 
Lepidoptera. A nectary in this species and in L. Martagon is 
situated in the middle line at the base of each segment of the 
perianth ; but it is not a ridge merely, as in Lloydia, but a deep 
groove, whose edges, bordered by stiff hairs, rise up and arch over 
