564 THE FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS. [PART III. 
Arum dracunculus (Dracunculus vulgaris) is visited accord- 
ing to Delpino by flesh-eating flies, as is also Amorphophallus 
campanulatus (178, p. 238). According to Arcangeli it is fertilised 
almost exclusively by carrion-loving beetles (Saprinus, Dermestes, 
Oxytelus (7). 
Arisarum is distinguished from Arum by the following 
features. The edges of the spathe do not meet, the aborted 
stamens are absent, and so the spathe surrounds a cavity which 
insect-visitors can enter or leave at will. The stigmas are still 
capable of impregnation when the anthers, which stand above 
them, dehisce, so that self-fertilisation may occur (178, p. 21; 
360, p. 591). 
Alocasia odora is supposed by Delpino to be fertilised by 
snails. The spadix is covered in its whole length with normal and 
abortive stamens and pistils; only female flowers occur in the 
lower, wider part of the spathe, and they only are mature in the 
first period. From this chamber an attractive odour issues, and 
the snails are admitted by a narrow entrance. In the second 
stage this entrance closes, and the anthers dehisce. Snails which 
creep on to flowers in this stage seek vainly for the entrance, and 
dust themselves with pollen, which they afterwards carry to the 
stigmas of younger plants. Delpino supposes that the snails, after 
effecting cross-fertilisation, are poisoned by an irritant secretion 
within the chamber of the spathe, and are so prevented from > 
devouring the flowers (178, 360). 
In Delpino’s opinion, Zyphonium cuspidatum, Arisema fili- 
forme, Amorphophallus variabilis, Atherurus tripartitus, and 
species of Anthurium are also fertilised by snails (178, p. 238). 
Arum ternatum, Thnbg., is proterogynous. There is an upper 
male chamber, and immediately below it a female chamber into 
which the pollen falls wpon the imprisoned insects (probably small 
flies), which are afterwards allowed to escape by a small door 
(107, 596). 
Arum crinitum, Ait., resembles A. maculatum, but attracts 
carrion-flies by means of its strong odour of putrid flesh. The 
smaller visitors are held fast by sticky hairs in the floral chamber 
and digested (688, 689). 
The gigantic Amorphophallus (Conophallus) Titanwm, whose 
spathe is 33 inches in diameter, and the bare part of whose floral 
axis attains a length of 6 feet, is adapted, by its dirty-yellow and 
dark-purple colours, for dung- and carrion-flies (48). 
Stylochiton hypogeus, Lepr., and St. lancifolius, Kotschy and 
